The influence of scientific farming measures in soya bean production on cone index penetration in soil

Abstract

The results of this research considered the influence of sub soiling and manure on penetrometer cone indexes were presented in this paper. Standard technology, employing plows for the basic soil tillage, was used in the production of soya bean. Four variants in to 3 repetition were implied during researching. In the first variant the soil was only plowed. In the second variant the soil subsoiled after winter barley harvesting and then plowed. In the third variant manure was spread out and then plowed and in the fourth variant the soil was subsoiled, manure was spread out and at the and soil was plowed. The same soil was subject of the two-year research, more exactly the same farming measures were applied two year continually. The cone index was measured by electronic penetrometer two times during vegetation, the first time after sowing, and the second after soya bean harvesting. The average cone index at the depth of 3.5 to 24.5 cm was used to determine the influence of subsoiler and manure. The lowest values of cone index were measured in variants where manure was spread out, which clearly indicates that the spreading the manure is an appropriate farming measure for the reduction of soil compaction. The influence of subsoiler has not lead to the significant changes in cone index relative to the first control variant for two years. Besides, after F-test ANOVA it was shown that there were not statistically significant differences at the significance threshold of 5% in neither of either variants. The largest yields were measured in variants in which livestock manure was spread out, more exactly in variants 3 and 4. In yield comparison to the control variant it was shown that in variant 2 where subsoiler was applied the yield was increased by 6.84%, in variant 3 where livestock manure was applied the yield was increased by 33.05%, and in the variant 4 where subsoiler and livestock manure were applied the yield was increased by 35.33%.

U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja uticaja podrivanja i svinjskog stajnjaka na otpor prodiranja konusa penetrometra. Za proizvodnju soje primenjena je klasična tehnologija kod koje se osnovna obrada obavlja plugovima. Tokom ispitivanja obuhvaćene su četiri varijante u 3 ponavljanja. U prvoj varijanti zemljište je samo orano plugom. U drugoj varijanti zemljište je podriveno nakon ubiranja ozimog ječma, a zatim poorano. U trećoj varijanti po zemljištu rasturen je svinjski stajnjak, pa zatim zaoran i u četvrtoj varijanti zemljište je podriveno, rasturen je stajnjak, koji je potom isto zaoran. Isto zemljište je predmet dvogodišnjeg ispitivanja, odnosno iste mere primenjene su dve godine kontinualno. Otpor prodiranja konusa meren je elektronskim penetrometrom dva puta u toku vegetacije, prvi put nakon setve, a drugi put nakon ubiranja soje. Za analizu uticaja podrivanja i stajnjaka korišćen je otpor konusa na dubini od 3,5 do 24,5 cm. Najmanje vrednosti otpora konusa izmerene su u varijantama gde se primenio stajnjak, što jasno ukazuje da je unošenje stajnjaka prava agrotehnička mera za smanjenje sabijenosti zemljišta. Uticaj podrivanja i nakon dve godine primene nije doveo do značajnih promena u otporu konusa u odnosu na kontrolnu varijantu. Ipak, nakon statističke analiza pokazalo se da ni na jednoj varijanti nisu dobijene statistički značajne razlike u otporu konusa za prag značajnosti 0,05%. Najveći prinosi izmereni su isto kod varijanti gde se primenio stajnjak, odnosno na varijanti 3 i 4. Poređenjem prinosa soje vidi se da je kod varijante 2 sa podrivačem prinos povećan za 6,84%, kod varijante 3 gde je primenjen samo stajnjak povećan za 33,05%, a kod varijante 4 gde je primenjeno podrivanje i stajnjak za 35,33%.