Sunflower seedlings dry matter content as affected by chemical treatment and storage length

Abstract

Chemical treatment of seed is a common crop protection measure. In the case of sunflower seed, fungicides are used regularly and insecticides at an increasing rate. In some cases, sunflower hybrid seed not planted in the first year is planted in the second or even third year after production. Seed vigour decreases gradually over time, which negatively affects seed emergence and subsequent plant growth and development. Seed with high vigour is expected to germinate quickly, producing seedlings that grow fast and uniformly. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of seed chemical treatment and storage length on seedling dry matter content in different sunflower hybrids. The study included several variants with fungicide and pesticide treatments and an untreated control. In the case of the hybrid NS-H-111, highest values of the studied characteristic were recorded in the control and directly after chemical treatment. In the case of the hybrid Sremac, the lowest value was recorded in seed treatment with benomyl+metalaxyl, highest in the treatments directly after chemical treatment and in seed stored for six months. In the case of the hybrid Šumadinac, highest values were recorded in the control and in seed treatment with fludioxonil+metalaxyl, the lowest in seed treatment with fludioxonil+metalaxyl+im idacloprid. Regarding the effect of different seed storage periods, highest values of the studied characteristic were recorded shortly after chemical treatment and in seed stored for six months.

Hemijski tretman semena je uobičajena mera u zaštiti semena ratarskih biljaka. Kod suncokreta se za tretman semena obavezno koriste fungicidi, a sve češće i insekticidi. Ponekad se seme koje ne ode u promet u godini tretmana pušta u promet naredne, a nekad čak i nakon dve godine. Vigor semena se u toku čuvanja postepeno smanjuje, što se nepovoljno odražava na klijanje, a kasnije i na rastenje i razviće. Od semena sa visokim vigorom može se očekivati da klija brže, a da ponik raste brže i ujednačenije. Cilj rada je bio da se ispita uticaj hemijskih tretmana i dužine čuvanja semena na suvu masu klijanaca hibrida suncokreta. U ispitivanje su bile uključene kombinacije sa fungicidima i insekticidima, kao i kontrola. Kod hibrida NS-H-111 najveće vrednosti ispitivanog parametra zabeležene su u kontrolnoj varijanti i kod početnog ispitivanja, dok je kod hibrida Sremac najmanja vrednost zabeležena je kod semena tretiranog sa B+M, a najveća kod početnog i ispitivanja nakon šest meseci. Suva masa klijanaca hibrida Šumadinac u kontroli i kod semena tretiranog sa F+M bila je najveća, dok je najmanja vrednost zabeležena kod semena tretiranog sa F+M+I. Kod ispitivanih dužina čuvanja najveće vrednosti zabeležene su na početnom i ispitivanju nakon šest meseci.