Development of broomcorn varieties at Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad

Abstract

Broomcorn breeding program at Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad has been in continuation since 1952. According to the demand of broomcorn and broom producers, in several cycles during this period, five generations of breeders have exploited wealthy genetic collection and created 11 broomcorn cultivars. In the beginning, the primary target was creation of European dwarf type cultivars. This phase has resulted in three cultivars 'Bački biser', 'Neoplanta' and 'Panonija'. Next phase, which was crowned with cultivars 'Sava', 'Tisa', 'Jumak' and 'Jantar', was focused on higher yield and better quality of broomcorn brushes. Contemporary cultivars 'Reform' and 'Neoplanta plus' which preserve good agro-technological traits of former cultivars, are selected to early maturity and fiber fineness. Selection of new cultivars 'Tan Sava' and 'No. 5' was concentrated on elimination of red coloration of panicles and even earlier maturity. Newly selected inbred lines tolerant to plant diseases and with positive panicle exertion are presently tested as parental lines in experimental hybrids.

U Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo Novi Sad program oplemenjivanja sirka metlaša u kontinuitetu traje od 1952. godine. Polazeći od zahteva proizvođača sirka i metli, tokom ovog perioda pet generacija oplemenjivača je u nekoliko ciklusa stvorilo 11 sorti koristeći bogatu genetsku kolekciju. U samom početku primarni cilj je bio stvaranje sorti u tipu evropskog niskog sirka iz čega su proizišle tri najstarije sorte 'Bački biser', 'Neoplanta' i 'Panonija'. Sledeća faza koja je krunisana sortama 'Sava', 'Tisa', 'Jumak' i 'Jantar' odnosila se na povećanje prinosa i poboljšanje kvaliteta sirkove slame. Sada gajene sorte 'Reform' i 'Neoplanta plus' pored očuvanja povoljnih agrotehnoloških osobina selekcionisane su na ranozrelost, odnosno finoću slame. Kod sorti koje su u priznavanju 'Tan Sava' i 'No. 5', akcenat je dat na odstranjenju crvenog bojenja metlice i na još izraženije skraćenje vegetacionog perioda. Novostvorene linije, otporne prema bolestima i sa eksponiranom metlicom, kao roditeljske komponente testiraju se u eksperimentalnim hibridima.