Effect of climatic factors on biomass yield and harvest index of grain sorghum and corn

Abstract

A field experiment, conducted in two locations (Bački Petrovac, Rimski Šančevi) for three years (2006, 2007, 2008), was aimed at assessing the effects of average air temperature (°C) and precipitation sum (mm) during growing season on dry matter yield (kg ha-1) and harvest index of two grain sorghum hybrids (Alba, Gold) and two corn hybrids (NS 300, NS 640). Dry matter yield was generally higher in corn than in grain sorghum. In the agroclimatic conditions of southern Bačka, the hybrid Alba was superior to the hybrid Gold and the hybrid NS 640 to NS 300 regarding dry matter yield. The hybrids Gold and NS 300 had a higher harvest index than the hybrids Alba and NS 640, respectively. The in crease in average air temperature increased the dry matter yield in the case of grain sorghums and de creased the dry matter yield of corn. Regarding harvest index, decreases were registered with both crops. Increase in rainfall level tended to positively affect the dry matter yield. In the case of grain sorghum, higher harvest index was recorded when dry matter production was reduced. .

U poljskim ogledima koji su obuhvatali dva hibrida sirka za zrno (Alba i Gold) i dva hibrida kukuruza (NS 300 i NS 640) su tokom tri godine (2006, 2007. i 2008.) zasnovani na dva lokaliteta (Bački Petrovac i Rimski Šančevi) ispitivan je uticaj srednje dnevne temperature (SDT) i padavina (PV) tokom vegetacionog perioda na prinos apsolutno suve mase (ASM) i žetveni indeks (HI). Prinosi ASM kukuruza su veći u odnosu na sirak za zrno. Hibrid Alba je prinosniji u poređenju sa hibridom Gold a NS 640 u odnosu na NS 300. Kod sirka za zrno je veći HI zabeležen za hibrid Gold a kod kukuruza za NS 300. Sa povećanjem SDT povećavaju se prinosi ASM kod sirka za zrno a smanjuju kod kukuruza, dok se HI u oba slučaja smanjuje. Povećanje sume padavina generalno utiče na povećanje prinosa ASM. Veći HI kod sirka za zrno je zabeležen u uslovima manjeg prinosa ASM. .