Causes of small grains yield reduction in the 2010

Abstract

During the 2009/10. there was a significant decrease in the grain yield of wheat, barley and triticale, regardless of whether it's winter or spring time of sowing. Large amounts of precipitation, replacements of warm and cold periods during April, May and June were significantly favored pathogens of small grains, first of all causes of powdery mildews, leaf rust, leaf spots and Fusarium head blight. At lower fields, where the water is kept for a long period of time, there was lodging of plants due to the appearance of pathogens that cause root and foot rot. Percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels on some fields in the production ranged up to 33.3% per 1m2 (Natasha variety in spring time of sowing). However, in the collection of genotypes originating from different countries of the world, out of 461 genotypes, only seven or 1.5% had percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels over 5%. The largest number of genotypes, 381 or 82.6% had 0-1% of infected ears per 1m2.

U toku 2009/10. godine došlo je do značajnog smanjenja prinosa na pšenici, ječmu i tritikaleu, bez obzira da li se radi o ozimom ili jarom roku setve. Velike količine padavina, smenjivanje toplih i hladnih perioda tokom aprila, maja i juna značajno su favorizovali patogene strnih žita, pre svih prouzrokovače pepelnice, lisne rđe, pegavosti lista i fuzarioze klasa. Na nižim terenima, gde se voda dugo zadržavala, došlo je do propadanja biljaka, usled pojave velikog broja patogena koji prouzrokuju trulež korena i prizemnog dela stabla. Procenat fuzarioznih klasova na nekim parcelama u proizvodnji kretao se i do 33,3% po 1m2 (sorta Nataša u jarom roku setve). Međutim, u kolekciji genotipova koji potiču iz različitih država sveta, od 461 genotipa, kod svega sedam ili 1,5% je procenat fuzarioznih klasova iznosio preko 5%. Najveći broj genotipova, 381 ili 82,6% imao je 0-1% zaraženih klasova po 1m2.