Effect of agro-meteorological conditions on soybean seed quality

Abstract

Great fluctuations of yield and quality of seed among localities, as well as between the years, most often due to water lacking during formation and filling of seed, are present under our production conditions. Since soybean seed is produced under different agroecological conditions, the aim of this paper was to determine the parameters relating to quality seed (purity, germination, moisture content, and mass of 1000 seeds) produced in 2006. and 2007, respectively. Production conditions in 2006. were relatively favorable for soybean seed production, which resulted in high quality seeds. Seed purity of tested varieties ranged from 98,8% to 99,6%. Germination of seed was high above the prescribed minimal value (75%), and ranged from 91 to 95%. Agro-meteorological conditions in 2007. were unfavorable for soybean production due to lacking and poor distribution of rainfalls, and high temperatures, especially during formation, and filling of seed. Unfavorable production conditions had negative influence on seed purity which ranged from 97,9 to 98,9%. Germination of seed ranged from 78% to 89% and depended on the variety. The data showed that drought significantly reduces the quality of soybean seed (seed purity, germination viability, germinability and mass of 1000 seeds).

Visina prinosa i kvalitet semena soje varira iz godine u godinu i u direktnoj je zavisnosti od količine padavina i temperature vazduha u vreme cvetanja, formiranja mahuna i nalivanja zrna. Sušnih godina prinosi soje su manji, a samim tim i kvalitet semena je lošiji. Stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja da se analizira uticaj agrometeoroloških uslova na kvalitet semena soje (čistoća, klijavost, sadržaj vlage i masa 1000 semena) proizvedenog u 2006. i 2007. godini. Proizvodni uslovi u 2006. godini bili su relativno povoljni za proizvodnju soje, što se odrazilo i na visok kvalitet semena. Čistoća semena, kod ispitivanih sorti, bila je 98,8 do 99,6%. Klijavost semena je bila znatno iznad propisane minimalne vrednosti (75%) i iznosila je 91% do 95%. Agrometeorološki uslovi u 2007. godini bili su nepovoljni za proizvodnju soje zbog nedostatka i lošeg rasporeda padavina, kao i visokih temperatura, posebno u vreme formiranja i nalivanja zrna. Nepovoljni uslovi proizvodnje negativno su uticali na čistoću semena koja je bila 97,9 do 98,9%. Klijavost semena se kretala od 78 do 89%, a zavisila je od sorte. Dobijeni podaci pokazuju da suša značajno snižava kvalitet semena soje (čistoća semena, energija klijanja, klijavost i masa 1000 semena).