Specifities of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production

Abstract

The importance of rapeseed as a crop is increasing both in the world and in Serbia. Rapeseed is used as oil and protein source in different branches of processing industry. Different forms (winter and spring) enable rapeseed cultivation in different environmental conditions. Soil cultivation, sowing and harvesting time as well as fertilization should be adjusted to the soil type and climatic conditions of each region. It is necessary to follow the basic rules of crop cultivation such as crop rotation and optimal time for each cultivation operation in order to achieve high seed yields. Varieties in '00' type - without erucic acid and with low glucozinolate content are the most commonly grown. Spring forms of rapeseed have lower yield and mature later than winter forms, but they can be grown in areas with less favorable climate.

Uljana repica ima sve veći značaj u svetu i u Republici Srbiji. Kao izvor ulja i proteina, koristi se u različitim granama prerađivačke industrije. Raznolikost formi (ozime i jare) i sortimenta, omogućava joj gajenje u različitim agroekološkim uslovima. Način obrade zemljišta, vremena setve i žetve i đubrenje treba prilagoditi kvalitetu zemljišta i klimatskim uslovima svakog regiona. Neophodno je poštovati osnovna agrotehnička pravila, kao što su plodored i optimalno vreme za izvođenje svih agrotehničkih operacija, za postizanje visokih prinosa semena. Najčešće se gaje sorte koje pripadaju tipu kvaliteta '00' - bez eruka kiseline i sa niskim sadržajem glukozinolata. Jare forme uljane repice imaju niži prinos od ozimih i sazrevaju nešto kasnije, ali se mogu gajiti u područjima nepovoljnije klime.