Soybean production in the municipalities of Sombor, Apatin and Odžaci during 1998-2007

Abstract

DP Agroinstitut Sombor monitored soybean production in the municipalities of Sombor, Apatin and Odžaci over a 10-year period (1998-2007). In the three municipalities, soybean is grown on 4-10% of the total area sown to agricultural crops. Data for the study were collected by surveying the growers and inspecting the fields directly. The average yield was 2.51 t/ha, and yield formation was affected by weather conditions (temperature and precipitation) and the cultural practices applied. Crop rotation was used on 90% of the total soybean acreage. On about 80% of the acreage, basic tillage was performed in the autumn, whereas on the other 20%, it was carried out in the spring, leading to significant yield losses. Late sowing also resulted in some yield losses. Although mineral fertilizer use has been on the increase in the area, there has been no correlation found between yield and the fertilizer rates applied so far. Soybean cultivars from different maturity groups were grown. Medium-maturing varieties were grown the most (over 50%), the late ones were planted on about a third of the area, while the rest of the acreage was sown to either early or very early varieties.

DP 'Agroinstitut' Sombor je tokom desetogodišnjeg perioda, 1998-2007. godine, pratio proizvodnju soje na teritoriji opština Sombor, Apatin i Odžaci. Soja u strukturi setve u ovim opštinama učestvuje sa 4 do 10%. Podaci su prikupljani putem ankete proizvođača i neposrednom kontrolom proizvodnih površina. Prosečan prinos je bio 2.51 t/ha, a pored vremenskih uslova (temperatura i padavine) na formiranje prinosa su uticale i pojedine agrotehničke mere. Od ukupno posmatranih površina plodored je poštovan na preko 90% površina. Osnovna obrada je na oko 80% površina izvedena u jesen, a na 20% u proleće, što je dovelo do značajnog smanjenja prinosa. Setva soje u kasnijim rokovima takođe dovodi do smanjenja prinosa. Količina primenjenog mineralnog đubriva je u porastu, ali do sada primenjivane doze nisu u korelaciji sa prinosom. Gajene su sorte različitih grupa zrenja. Najviše su bile zastupljene srednjestasne sorte, preko 50%, zatim kasne sorte, na oko trećini površina, a ostalo su bile rane i vrlo rane sorte.