Organic breeding: New trend in plant breeding

Abstract

Organic breeding is a new trend in plant breeding aimed at breeding of organic cultivars adapted to conditions and expectations of organic plant production. The best proof for the need of organic cultivars is the existence of interaction between the performances of genotypes with the kind of production (conventional or organic) (graph. 1). The adaptation to low-input conditions of organic production by more eddicient uptake and utilization of plant nutrients is especially important for organic cultivars. One of the basic mechanism of weed control in organic production is the competition of organic cultivars and weeds i.e. the enhanced ability of organic cultivars to suppress the weeds. Resistance/tolerance to diseases and pests is among the most important expectations toward the organic cultivars. In comparison with the methods of conventional plant breeding, in case of organic plant breeding limitations exist in choice of methods for creation of variability and selection classified as permitted, conditionally permitted and banned. The use of genetically modified organisms and their derivated along with induced mutations is not permitted in organic production. The use of molecular markers in organic plant breeding is the only permitted modern method of biotechnology. It is not permitted to patent the breeding material of organic plant breeding or the organic cultivars. .

Organsko oplemenjivanje je novi pravac u oplemenjivanju biljaka čiji je cilj stvaranje tzv. organskih sorti poljoprivrednog bilja koje su prilagođene uslovima i zahtevima organske proizvodnje. Najbolji dokaz potrebe stvaranja organskih sorti je postojanje interakcije između performasni genotipova i načina proizvodnje (konvencionalni ili organski). Za organske sorte posebno je izražena potreba prilagođenosti low-input uslovima organske proizvodnje putem efikasnijeg usvajanja i korišćenja biljnih hraniva. Jedan od osnovnih mehanizama borbe protiv korova u organskoj proizvodnji je konkurentnost organskih sorti i korova tj. izražena moć ugušivanja korova od strane organske sorte. Otpornost/tolerantnost na bolesti i štetočine je među najvažnijim očekivanjima prema organskim sortama. U poređenju sa metodama konvencionalnog oplemenjivanja, u organskom oplemenjivanju biljaka postoje određena ograničenja pri izboru metode stvaranja varijabilnosti i selekcije koje se mogu svrstati u dozvoljene, uslovno dozvoljene i zabranjene. Upotreba genetički modifikovanih organizama ili njihovih derivata kao i indukovane mutacije u organskoj proizvodnji nije dozvoljena. Od metoda savremene biotehnologije u organskom oplemenjivanju jedino je dozvoljena metoda molekularnih markera. Patentiranje selekcionog materijala iz organskog oplemenjivanja ili organskih sorti nije dozvoljeno. .