Tolerance of wheat genotypes to lead in in vitro culture

Abstract

We studied the effects of five lead concentrations (10-7, 10-6, 10-5, 10-4 and 10-3 M) on callus growth and dry matter content in the callus tissue. Two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Balkan and Proteinka, were used to isolate mature embryos. The embryos were grown on a modified MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) nutrient medium to which lead in the form of Pb(NO3)2 was added. Calluses from the control group were grown on a lead-free medium. During cultivation, the growth of callus tissue was observed until, 30 days alter isolation, fresh callus weight and dry matter content were measured The results showed that there were significant differences between the genotypes with regard to their response to certain lead concentrations. The highest concentration (10-3 M) significantly decreased fresh callus weight relative to the control- by 43% in Balkan and 22% in Proteinka. At the same lead concentration, the callus tissue dry matter content of Balkan increased significantly (23% relative to the control), while the increase of the same parameter in Proteinka was not significant (8.6% relative to the control). The lower lead concentrations had a lees pronounced effect, although the 10-6 M dose had a stimulatory effect on callus tissue growth in Balkan, while the 10-7 M one had the same effect in Proteinka.

Ispitivan je uticaj pet koncentracija olova (10-7, 10-6, 10-5, 10-4 i 10-3 M) na porast kalusa i sadržaj suve materije u kalusnom tkivu. Za izolaciju zrelih embriona korišćene su dve sorte ozime pšenice (Triticum aestivum L.), Balkan i Proteinka. Embrioni su gajeni na modifikovanoj MS (Murasbige and Skoog, 1962) branljivoj podlozi, kojoj je dodalo olovo u obliku. Pb(NO3)2. Kontrolna grupa kalusa je gajena na podlozi, koja nije sadržala olovo. Za vreme kultivacije, praćenje porast kalusnog tkiva, da bi se 30 dana nakon izolacije pristupilo merenju sveže mase kalusa, kao i sadržaju suve materije. Rezultati su pokazali da su postojale značajne razlike između genotipova, u pogledu njihove reakcije na pojedine koncentracije olova. Najviša koncentracija (10-3 M) olova je imala značajan uticaj na smanjenje sveže mase kalusa. Ovo smanjenje je kod sorte Balkan iznosilo 43%, a kod sorte Proteinka 22%, u odnosu na kontrolu. Najviša koncentracija olova, takođe je imala značajan uticaj na sadržaj suve materije u kalusnom tkivu. Tako je kod sorte Balkan došlo do značajnog povećanja sadržaja suve materije (23% u odnosu na kontrolu) , dok kod sorte Proteinka povećanje (8,6% u odnosu na kontrolu) nije bilo značajno. Efekat nižih koncentracija olova, koje sit ispitivane u ovom eksperimentu, bio je slabije izražen, mada su doze 10-6M kod sorte Balkan i 10-7M kod sorte Proteinka, imale stimulativno dejstvo na porast kalusnog tkiva.