Microbiological properties of cultivated soils near busy roads and industrial areas

Abstract

The soil is an ecosystem and the habitat of numerous diverse microorganisms, whose enzymes play the central role in soil metabolic activity. Dominance of certain microbial groups slows down the processes of synthesis and degradation and determines the quality of a soil for safe food production. The aim of this research was to determine the abundance of certain microbial groups and dehydrogenase activity in soils located near busy roads and industrial areas in the city of Novi Sad in the context of their utilization for the production of safe food. Soil microbial and basic chemical properties were determined in nine locations used for different types of agricultural production. The study found positive or negative correlations between microbial abundance and microbial activity on the one hand and chemical soil properties on the other. The abundance of the microbial groups studied was found to be high in the soils but was not correlated with dehydrogenase activity, as low levels of oxido-reduction activity were determined to be present by agricultural soils standards.

Zemljište je jedinstven ekosistem i stanište za brojne mikro- organizme koji svojim enzimatskim sistemima imaju centralnu ulogu u metaboličkoj aktivnosti zemljišta. Dominantnost pojedinih grupa mikroorganizama usmerava procese sinteze, razgradnje i određuje kvalitet/zdravlje zemljišta. Cilj rada je ispitivanje zastupljenosti pojedinih grupa mikroorganizama i dehidrogenazne aktivnosti poljoprivrednih zemljišta pored frekventnih saobraćajnica i industrijskih zona Novog Sada, a u interesu korišćenja istih za proizvodnju zdravstveno bezbedne hrane. Mikrobiološka i osnovna hemijska svojstva zemljišta određena su na devet lokaliteta zemljišta pod različitom biljnom proizvodnjom. Istraživanjima je utvrđeno da su brojnost i mikrobiološka aktivnost mikroorganizama u pozitivnoj ili negativnoj korelaciji sa hemijskim osobinama zemljišta. Zastupljenost ispitivanih grupa mikroorganizama u poljoprivrednim zemljištima je visoka, ali nije u korelaciji sa dehidrogenaznom aktivnošću, s obzirom da je ustanovljen nizak nivo oksido-redukcionih procesa za poljoprivredna zemljišta.