70 years of small grains breeding at Institute of field and vegetable crops in Novi Sad

Abstract

In 2008, the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad will celebrate its 70th anniversary. The Institute's breeding program included small grains from its very foundation back in 1938 and 372 cultivars of these species have been developed since as a result. The highest amount of breeding work has been done on wheat and barley. The dominance of NS wheat and barley cultivars began in the early 1970s and has continued ever since. The IFVC small grains program rests on three basic postulates, namely the definition of breeding goals, development of genetic variability, and identification of superior genotypes. The actual breeding work has consisted in the conception of a specific cultivar ideotype by each breeder and subsequent efforts to attain the desired breeding goals. To create genetic variability, the method of artificially hybridizing two or more genotypes was used. A huge number of parental lines from all continents have been used in the program, with the most notable one being the Russian cultivar Bezostaja 1. Potential for yield has been the most important selection criterion from the very start. Later on in the program, other criteria such as quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses became highly important as well. The last five years have been marked by intensive work on molecular markers, namely microsatellites. In addition to the work on identifying particular traits (genes) in multiple genotypes using known markers, major efforts are under way to utilize microsatellite markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) as well. .

Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu u 2008. godini slavi jubilej 70 godina od osnivanja. Od početka, rad se odvijao na strnim žitina i kao rezultat tog dugogodišnjeg rada stvorene su 372 sorte strnih žita. Najviše se radilo na pšenici i ječmu. Dominacija novosadskih sorti pšenice i ječma počinje od ranih 70-tih i traje sve do danas. Kao osnova rada na oplemenjivanju poslužila su tri postulata: definisanje oplemenjivačkih ciljeva, stvaranje genetske varijabilnosti i identifikacija superiornih genotipova. Konkretna selekcija bila je vezana za određen ideotip sorte koji je svaki od oplemenjivača kreirao i težio njegovom ostvarenju. Za stvaranje genetske varijabilnosti korišćen je metod veštačke hibridizacije dva ili više genotipova. U programima oplemenjivanja korišćen je ogroman broj roditelja poreklom sa svih kontinenata, mada ruska sorta Bezostaja 1 ima dominantno mesto. Potencijal rodnosti se od početka rada pojavljuje kao najvažniji selekcioni kriterijum. Kasnije i druga svojstva postaju značajni selekcioni kriterijumi kao što su kvalitet i otpornost na biotičke i abiotičke faktore. U poslednjih pet godina se veoma intenzivno radi na molekularnim markerima i to na mikrosatelitima. Pored identifikacije pojedinih svojstava tj. gena u većem broju genotipova upotrebom poznatih markera, izražena su nastojanja da se mikrosatelitski markeri iskoriste i za marker-asistiranu selekciju (MAS). .