Microbial properties of fluvisol at different locations in the vicinity of Novi Sad

Abstract

The soil is a complex and dynamic system in which most biological processes take place as a result of microbial activity. The number and activity of microorganisms are considered as important indicators of the potential and effective soil fertility. Soil microbial properties have been examined along the soil profile in seven locations around Novi Sad. These locations were under agricultural soils of the fluvisol type. Soil samples for microbiological analyses were taken in June 2007. General soil biological activity was assessed on the basis of the total number of microorganisms, the numbers of azotobacters, ammonium-fixing bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi and the activity of dehydrogenase enzymes. All microbial groups under study were found in all locations. The number and enzymatic activity of the microorganisms were highest in the topsoil and they tended to decrease with depth. Some microbial activity was registered even at the depths from 97 to 200 cm. The highest microbial activity was found in the location of Kovilj, which also had highest contents of phosphorus and potassium.

Zemljište je složen i dinamičan sistem u kome se većina bioloških procesa odvija zahvaljujući mikroorganizmima. Brojnost i aktivnost mikroorganizama smatra se značajnim pokazateljem potencijalne i efektivne plodnosti zemljišta. Mikrobiološka svojstva ispitana su na sedam lokaliteta u okolini Novog Sada na poljoprivrednim zemljištima tipa fluvisol, po dubini profila. Uzorci zemljišta za mikrobiološke analize uzeti su u junu 2007. godine. Opšta biološka aktivnost zemljišta određena je na osnovu ukupnog broja mikro-organizama, zastupljenosti azotobaktera, amonifikatora, aktinomiceta i gljiva i aktivnosti enzima dehidrogenaze. Na lokalitetima je ustanovljeno prisustvo svih ispitivanih grupa mikro- organizama. Brojnost i enzimatska aktivnost mikroorganizama opada sa povećanjem dubine, a najveća je u površinskom sloju zemljišta. Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da i na dubinama od 97-200 cm postoji izvesna mikrobiološka aktivnost. Najveća mikrobiološka aktivnost zabeležena je na lokalitetu Kovilj, gde je konstatovan i najveći sadržaj fosfora i kalijuma.