Achievements in breeding annual forage crops in Serbia

Abstract

Annual forage crops have long tradition of growing in Serbia and take a prominent place in diverse farming systems, representing an indispensible source of supplying animal husbandry with quality feed. So far, there have have been developed 21 cultivars of annual forage legumes in Serbia, with ten cultivars of field pea, eight cultivars of common vetch, two cultivars of hairy vetch and one cultivar of Hungarian vetch (Table 1). The main direction in breeding annual forage legumes is for aimed at yield, comprising breedinf for forage yield, breeding for grain yield and breeding for forage and grain yield. Other directions in breeding annual forage legumes are aimed at the improvement of tolerance to low temperatures, drought, soil reaction and diseases and pests. Breeding forage sorghum and Sudan Grass resulted in ten cultivars and hybrids (Table 2), while breeding forage brassicas resulted in the only Serbian cultivar of fodder kale NS-Bikovo.

Jednogodišnje krmne biljke imaju dugu tradiciju gajenja u Srbiji i zauzimaju istaknuto mesto u različitim načinima biljne proizvodnje, predstavljajući nezamenljiv izvor snabdevanja stočarstva kvalitetnom kabastom i koncentrovanom stočnom hranom. Do danas, u Srbiji je stvorena i priznata 21 sorta jednogodišnjih krmnih mahunarki, od čega deset sorti stočnog graška osam sorti obične grahorice, dve sorte maljave grahorice i jedna sorta panonske grahorice. Osnovni pravac oplemenjivanja jednogodišnjih krmnih mahunarki usmeren je na prinos, obuhvatajući tri dodatna pravca, odnosno oplemenjivanje na prinos krme, prinos zrna i prinos krme i zrna. Ostali pravci oplemenjivanja jednogodišnjih krmnih mahunarki usmereni su na povećanje tolerantnosti na nepovoljne uslove sredine, kao što su niske temperature, suša, i reakcija zemljišnog rastvora. Rezultat oplemenjivanja krmnog sirka i sudanske trave u Srbiji ogleda se u deset stvorenih i priznatih sorti i hibrida, dok je rezultat oplemenjivanja krmnih kupusnjača jedina domaća sorta stočnog kelja NS-Bikovo.