Breeding of rapeseed (Brassica napus l)

Abstract

This paper presents an overview of the achievements of rapeseed breeding in the world and discusses the results of rapeseed research at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in novi Sad. The competitiveness of rapeseed oil in the oil market is increasing. The main goal of rapeseed breeding is the utilization of this crop's genetic potential for yield while reducing the presence of undesirable components in its oil and meal. Rapeseed yields can be improved by breeding cultivars resistant to prevalent pathogens and tolerant of environmental stresses. The value of a rapeseed cultivar is determined primarily on the basis of its seed and oil yields. The erucic acid and gluco-sinolate contents of the modern rapeseed cultivars from maturity group 00 are much lower than those of the starting populations. Rapeseed breeding is expected to produce using conventional and biotechnology methods new cultivars and hybrids having high and stable yields and seeds with improved nutritive value.

U radu je dat pregled dostignuća u oplemenjivanju uljane repice kod nas i u svetu. Ulje uljane repice ima sve veću konkurentnost na tržištu ulja. Osnovni cilj oplemenjivanja je iskorišćavanje genetičkog potencijala za prinos uz smanjenje nepoželjnih sastojaka u ulju i sačmi. Poboljšanje prinosa moguće je realizovati stvaranjem sorti koje su rezistentne na prevalentne patogene i tolerantne na stresne uslove spoljašnje sredine. Vrednost sorte određuje se prvenstveno, na osnovu prinosa semena i ulja. Sadržaj eruka kiseline i glukozinolata kod savremenih sorti tipa "00" je daleko niži nego kod početnih populacija. Od oplemenjivača se očekuje da, primenom konvencionalnih i metoda biotehnologije, stvore nove sorte i hibride visokog i stabilnog prinosa, sa poboljšanom nutritivnom vrednošću semena.