Morphological variability of Helianthus tuberosus tubers

Abstract

The wild species of ti. tuberosus can be considered as weeds but also as a source of food. The objective of this paper was to determine the morphological variability of tubers and to distinguish the populations with yield potential for cultivation. The total number of analyzed populations was 115 in three replications. Significant variability was found for tuber weight, size and shape. The number of analyzed populations that formed white (55) or red tubers (52) was similar. Red tubers were formed by 52 of 73 populations collected in Monte Negro, while 8 were mixed and formed tubers of both colors. On the contrary, majority of populations collected elsewhere formed white tubers (37/42). Elongated tubers were formed by 13 of 55 populations with white tubers, while the red tubers were all normal except for one. The presence of elongated tubers can be addressed to species variability, the effect of cultivation in small isolated plots, but for some extreme values also by possible errors in determination. The highest average tuber weight was achieved by TUB CQ 27 with 45,5 g, which came close to the yield of some H. tuberosus cultivars. Among the first twelve populations by tuber size, there were 10 populations from Nonte Negro with white tubers of 13 total in this experiment. Such results, with tuber weight higher than average, imply that they were introduced to Monte Negro in cultivated form. It is necessary analyze their mineral, sugar and protein content, the effect of cultivation and the response to selection, to obtain the complete information about the possible usage and application.

Divlja vrsta suncokreta H. tuberosus se može smatrati korovom ali i izvorom hrane. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se utvrdi morfološka varijabilnost krtola populacija vrste H. tuberosus iz kolekcije divljih vrsta suncokreta i odrede populacije sa potencijalom za gajenje. Analizirano je ukupno 115 populacija u tri ponavljanja. Zabeležena je značajna varijabilnost u masi, veličini i obliku krtola. Među analiziranim populacijama je približno podjednako bila zastupljena bela (55 populacija) i crvena boja krtola (52). Krtole crvene boje je formiralo 52 od 73 populacije poreklom iz Crne Gore, dok su kod 8 populacija bile prisutne krtole obe boje. Nasuprot tome, kod ostalih populacija su češće bile bele krtole (37/42). Izdužene krtole je formiralo 13 od 55 populacija sa belim krtolama dok su populacije sa crvenim krtolama osim jedne, formirale normalne krtole. Prisustvo izduženih krtola svedoči o varijabilnosti unutar vrste, mogućem efektu gajenja u izolovanim parcelama ali i mogućnosti pogrešne determinacije pojedinih populacija. Najveću prosečnu masu krtola je ostvarila populacija TUB CG 27 koja je sa 45,5 grama blizu prosečne mase krtola gajenih sorti čičoke. Po krupnoći krtola se među prvih 12 izdvojilo čak 10 crnogorskih populacija sa belim krtolama, kavih je ukupno u ogledu bilo 13. Takav rezultat, uz veću masu krtola od prosečne ukazuje na mogućnost da su one introdukovane u Crnu Goru kao gajene sorte. Da bi se stekla potpuna slika o varijabilnosti i mogućoj primeni, potrebno je detaljnije ispitati njihov mineralni sastav, sadržaj šećera i proteina, kao i uticaj načina gajenja, odnosno reakcije na selekciju.