Characteristics of alfalfa growing for the exploitation of its genetic potentials

Abstract

Alfalfa cultivars developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad can be used in different growing conditions and for different levels of exploitation. Alfalfa grows successfully on deep and fertile soils of neutral reaction. It can also be grown on poorer (slightly acid) soils, provided they have been well fertilized with lime materials and organic fertilizers prior to sowing. The following NS cultivars are suitable for growing on poorer soils: NS Vršac ZMS IV, NS Mediana ZMS V and Novosađanka H 11 (Tab. 1). The paper presents and discusses the basic cultivation measures such as top dressing with mineral nutrients, tillage, sowing, and protection from weeds. (Tab. 2, 3 and 4). It also deals with determining the right moment for alfalfa crop utilization and determining the most suitable phenological phase (Tab. 6) as well as with the adaptedness of alfalfa cultivars to different systems of cutting (five- and four-cutting ones). NS Bačka ZMS I, NS Banat ZMS II, NS Vršac ZMS IV and NS Mediana ZMS V are early cultivars that mature earlier and are better able to withstand the more intensive system of utilization with five cuttings.

Sorte lucerke stvorene u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu, pogodne su za različite uslove uspevanja i intenzitet iskorišćavanja. Lucerka se uspešno gaji na dubokim i plodnim zemljištima, neutralne reakcije. Moguće je gajiti lucerku i na slabijim (slabo kiselim) zemljištima, ako se prethodno dobro pođubre krečnim materijalom i organskim đubrivima. Na slabijim zemljištima pogodnije su za gajenje novosadske sorte lucerke: NS Vršac ZMS IV, NS Mediana ZMS V i Novosađanka H 11 (Tab. 1). Prikazane su i razmatrane osnovne mere prihrane mineralnim hranivima, obrade, setve i zaštite od korova (Tab. 2, 3 i 4). Određivanje pravog momenta iskorišćavanja lucerišta i određivanje najpogodnije fenološke faze (Tab. 6). Prilagođenost sorti lucerke za različite sisteme kosidbi (petootkosni i četvorootkosni). Sorte lucerke NS Bačka ZMS I, NS Banat ZMS II, NS Vršac ZMS IV i NS Mediana ZMS V su rane sorte, koje brže stasavaju i bolje podnose intenzivniji petootkosni način iskorišćavanja.