Soil characterization and management for production of high-value food from wheat, corn, soybean, sunflower, vegetables and potatoes

Abstract

Within the framework of soil characterization, a large number of activities were performed over the three years of study conducted at different locations in which corn, wheat, soybean, sunflower, vegetables and potatoes were grown as raw material for food processing. At the beginning of the study, available literature data on soil quality were gathered and analytical methods were tested and harmonized with EU standards. Further activities were site recognizance, on-site investigations and soil sampling, as well as ground and irrigation water sampling where it was needed. Within the framework of on-site investigations, effects of soil compaction on yield were assessed. Soil samples were analyzed for water-physical properties, chemical properties, content of macro-, microelements and heavy metals microbiological properties, contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and radionuclides. For soils having limitations with respect to the production of high-value food (alkaline and acid soils), based on field experiments involving different variants of meliorative practices as well as on the basis of the monitoring of experiment fields that represent the dominant soil types for Central Serbia, technological solutions were provided for their amendment.

U okviru karakterizacije zemljišta izvršen je veliki broj aktivnosti koje su izvedene u toku tri godine istraživanja na različitim lokalitetima na kojima se proizvodi kukuruz, pšenica, soja, suncokret, povrće i krompir na određenim sirovinskim područjima. Na početku istraživanja je obavljeno prikupljanje postojećih literaturnih podataka o kvalitetu zemljišta i testiranje i usaglašavanje analitičkih metoda sa standardima EU. Zatim rekognosciranje terena, terenska istraživanja i prikupljanje uzoraka zemljišta, kao i podzemne vode i vode za navodnjavanje gde je za to bilo osnova. U okviru terenskih istraživanja utvrđivani su i efekti sabijanja zemljišta na prinos. U uzorcima zemljišta određena su vodno - fizička svojstva, osnovna hemijska svojstva, sadržaj makro-, mikroelemenata i teških metala, mikrobiološka svojstva, sadržaj policikličnih aromatičnih ugljovodonika, i radionuklida. Za zemljišta koja imaju ograničenja za proizvodnju visoko vredne hrane (alkalna i kisela zemljišta), na osnovu ogleda u polju sa različitim varijantama meliorativnih mera, kao i na osnovu monitoringa sa stacionarnih oglednih polja koja reprezentuju dominantne tipove zemljišta centralne Srbije, data su tehnološka rešenja za njihovu popravku.