Adaptation measures in agriculture - situation in Serbia

Abstract

Increased temperature sum and reduced rainfall during growing season (April-October) are bound to cause a number of changes of other climatic (weather) parameters, in the first place an increase in potential evapotranspiration and decreases in soil humidity and rainfall sum. The above factors will primarily affect the duration of growing season. The production of spring crops (soybean, sunflower, com, sugarbeet, potato, etc.) will obviously start earlier. Spring crops will be planted earlier, in late winter or early spring. Accordingly, the planting of winter crops (rapeseed, barley, rye, triticale, etc.) will be possible or will have to be moved to October - November, in order to make the crops reach timely the stage of growth and development optimum for overwintering.

Povećanje sume temperatura i smanjenje ukupnih količina padavina u vegetacionom periodu (april-oktobar) prouzrokovaće čitav niz promena kod ostalih klimatskih (vremenskih) parametara. Pre svih, to je povećanje potencijalne evapotranspiracije, povećanje deficita vlage i smanjenje intenziteta padavina. Navedeni činioci će najpre uticati na dužinu vegetacionog perioda. Verovatno će se stvoriti mogućnost ranijeg zasnivanja proizvodnje prolećnih kultura (soje, suncokreta, kukuruza, sećerne repe, krompira i sl.). Setva jarih kultura će se pomeriti bliže zimi, odnosno početku proleća. Shodno tome će i setva ozimih biljnih vrsta (uljane repice, ječma, raži, triticale i sl.) moći, ili čak morati da se pomeri ka oktobru - novembru, zbog postizanja optimalne faze rasta i razvića biljaka za prezimljavanje.