Significance of new plant breeding technologies for sustainable agriculture and food security

Abstract

In the scenario of a new agriculture, breeding techniques are expected to play a significant role in order to increase the sustainability of productive processes from an environmental, economic, and social point of view. Over the past 50 years, new breeding strategies have been developed alongside the integration of various techniques, the development of in vitro techniques, and the development of molecular strategies. The use of New Breeding Techniques (NBTs) based on thorough understanding of the genome of species and varieties will enable the development of new results that overcome the constraints of conventional breeding techniques and their length while minimizing the risks of the first generation of molecular breeding tools. The use of high-throughput mutant libraries, the development of methods for fine-tuning gene regulation, strategies for breeding virus resistance, and applications of genome editing for trait improvement are all summarized here. We discuss potential applications of genome editing in domestication and synthetic biology of plants, as well as developments in delivery techniques, editing specificity, homolog directed repair, and gene drives. Our discussion of precision plant breeding's promising future in agriculture concludes with a discussion of the challenges and opportunities facing this field.