Occurrence of sooty blotch and flyspeck complex on apple and pear in Serbia

Abstract

Recent studies in the USA and China indicated that there are more than 40 putative species of fungi in the sooty blotch and flyspeck complex. This complex causes two of the most common and widely distributed diseases of apple fruits in many moist, temperate growing regions of the world. Sooty blotch and flyspeck signs on apple and pear fruits were noticed in different growing regions of Serbia earlier, but did not receive attention due to fact that SBFS causal agents do not affect the growth or development of the fruit. Samples of apple and pear fruits with characteristic SBFS signs were collected during September and October of 2005 from six orchards located in Niš, Bačka Palanka, Savino Selo and Bela Crkva. All known mycelial types (with exception of "discrete speck") were noticed by examination of collected fruits using a dissecting microscope.

Prema najnovijim istraživanjima u SAD i Kini, preko 40 gljiva čini kompleks prouzrokovača čađavih mrlja i crnotačkaste zonalne pegavosti ploda jabuke i kruške. U svetskim razmerama, ovaj kompleks prouzrokuje dva najčešća i najšire rasprostranjena oboljenja u toplim i vlažnim proizvodnim područjima. Iako su simptomi na plodovima jabuke i kruške i ranije zapažani u različitim lokalitetima Srbije, njihovoj pojavi nije se pridavao značaj, s obzirom da ne utiču na razvoj ploda. Uzorci jabuka sa karakterističnim simptomima prikupljeni su tokom septembra i oktobra 2005. godine u šest voćnjaka, na lokalitetima Niša, Bačke Palanke, Savinog Sela i Bele Crkve. Mikroskopskim pregledom plodova jabuke sorti Ajdared, Zlatni delišes, Jonagold, Greni smit i autohtone sorte kruške, ustanovljeni su svi poznati tipovi micelije prouzrokovača iz ovog kompleksa, osim tipa "diskretne pegavosti" (discrete speck).