Expanding genetic variability and trait improvement of staple crops: insights from IFVCNS sunflower, wheat and brassicas programs

Abstract

Induced mutations are useful tool to broaden the genetic diversity of crops. By using this meticulously orchestrated process, the intention is to harness induced genetic variability to identify and develop new crop varieties that exhibit improved and desirable traits and that are better adapted to changing climate. Within framework of previous IAEA projects, fifteen superior IFVCNS sunflower genotypes, were exposed to gamma rays, fast neutrons, and EMS, altering seedling height. Damage indices (D50 and D30) were calculated for each genotype. Bulk irradiation targeting 30-50% growth reduction will be applied, followed by M1 field cultivation. Promising mutants, that are currently in M6 stage, are currently undergoing selection based on traits like early flowering, reduced stature, leaf and head changes, branching, head angle, sterility, and oil yield. This controlled evolution aims to develop new improved sunflower varieties. Through the activities of the project RER5024, supported by IAEA, mutation breeding is introduced into IFVCNS wheat and barley improvement programs by production and exploitation of three mutant populations.