Primena moderne fenotipizacije u oplemenjivanju biljaka u Srbiji

Abstract

Prateći evropske i svetske trendove, u programima oplemenjivanja biljaka u Srbiji se tokom poslednje decenije intenzivnije koriste alati i platforme za fenotipizaciju biljaka visoke propusnosti (HTPP). Na početku, oplemenjivačke grupe su koristile različite projekte međunarodne saradnje za pristup modernim HTPP platformama. U ovim projektima, analizirane su kolekcije lokalnih genotipova pšenice, soje, uljane repice, kukuruza i suncokreta u kontrolisanim uslovima korišćenjem HTPP opreme. Dobijeni su veoma dragoceni podaci o reakciji ispitivanih vrsta i genotipova na nedostatak azota, zaslanjenost zemljišta, visoke temperature, sušu i druge stresove. Analizirane su brojne važne osobine, kao što su sveža i suva biomasa, osobine vezane za prinos, potrošnja vode, fotosintetička aktivnost, akumulacija prolina, hlorofila i ugljenih hidrata i mnoge druge, obezbeđujući korisne informacije za dalje oplemenjivanje na poboljšanje tolerantnosti prema stresu, što je posebno važno u uslovima klimatskih promena.

High-throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP) tools and platforms have started to be more extensively used during the last decade and integrated into the crop breeding programmes in Serbia. At the beginning, breeding groups have been using different international collaboration projects to access modern HTPP platforms. In these projects, the collections of Serbian wheat, soybean, rapeseed, maize, and sunflower genotypes were analysed under controlled conditions using HTPP equipment. The very valuable data about nitrogen deficiency, salt, heat, drought and other stress-induced responses of the evaluated species and genotypes were obtained. Numerous valuable traits, such as fresh and dry biomass, yield related traits, water consumption, photosynthetic activity, proline, chlorophyll and carbohydrate accumulation, and others were analysed providing useful information for advancing stress tolerance breeding especially important under conditions of the climate change.