Prva pojava žute rđe na ječmu i tritikaleu u Srbiji

Abstract

U proteklih 40 godina, prouzrokovač žute rđe ječma Psh (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei Erikss) registrovan je širom sveta, međutim do najvećih šteta u proizvodnji doveo je u područjima sa hladnom i vlažnom klimom, gde su gubici prinosa dostizali i 70%. Rase P. striifromis f. sp. tritici (Pst) koje su prouzrokovači žute rđe na pšenici obično nisu na ječmu, a one koje zaražavaju ječam (Psh) retko su virulentne na pšenici. Međutim, postoje genotipovi ječma koji mogu biti zaraženi nekim rasama Pst. Prouzrokovač žute rđe na tritikaleu (Pst) je jedan of patogena koji dovodi do velikih gubitaka prinosa i kvaliteta tritikalea. Bitno je istaći i da su rase Pst (Warrior i Kranich), koje su od 2011. izavale ogromne gubitke prinosa pšenice u Evropi, takođe registrovane na tritikaleu. Triticale agresivna rasa (od 2006) i rase Warrior i Kranich (od 2011) postale su prevalentne u Evropi u okviru jedne ili samo nekoliko godina. I pored pojave žute rđe na pšenici u Srbiji prethodnih godina, ona nije registrovana na ječmu i tritikaleu. Ovo je prvo saopštenje o pojavi žute rđe na ječmu i tritikaleu u Srbiji.

In the past 40 years, the causal agent of yellow rust in barley, Psh (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei Erikss), has been registered worldwide. However, it has caused the greatest damage in areas with cold and humid climates, where yield losses reached up to 70%. Races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the causal agent of yellow rust in wheat, are usually not found in barley, and those that infect barley (Psh) are rarely virulent on wheat. However, there are barley genotypes that can be infected by certain Pst races. The causal agent of yellow rust in triticale (Pst) leads to significant yield losses and quality reduction in triticale. It is important to note that the Pst races (Warrior and Kranich), which have caused enormous wheat yield losses in Europe since 2011, have also been registered on triticale. The aggressive race of triticale (since 2006) and the Warrior and Kranich races (since 2011) have become prevalent over large areas of Europe within one or only a few years. Despite the occurrence of yellow rust on wheat in Serbia in previous years, it has not been registered on barley and triticale. This is the first report of yellow rust on barley and triticale in Serbia.