Gene action for grain yield and its correlation with yield components in a diallel cross of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

Magnitude and type of gene actions in a specific population are the main criteria for the parents' selection that will develop the best recombinants after hybridization. Information about the genetic control of complex traits is useful for the further development of efficient breeding programs. In order to identify action of genes for grain yield plant-1 and its correlation with main yield components, incomplete diallel crossing was applied. The field trial was conducted at the experimental field of the Agricultural Advisory Service in southeastern Europe, during season 2012-2013. Mean values of F1 generation showed that crosses Apache × Prima had the highest value of grain yield plant-1 and Jackson × Balkan had the lowest. Common type of inheritance for grain yield plant-1 was over dominance. The ANOVA revealed that this trait was controlled by additive and non-additive effects. The best general combiner for grain yield plant-1 was Apache, and two crosses (Dragana × Jackson; Balaton × Nevesinjka) showed significant SCA effects. Components of genetic variance showed that dominant was more important than additive component, and the total number of dominant genes were in excess over the number of recessive genes in all parents. Furthermore, moderately low value of narrow sense heritability (h2=31.96%) was observed for grain yield plant-1. Parent Sana contained maximum dominant genes, whereas parent Jackson had maximum recessive genes. Grain yield plant-1 was significantly correlated with tillers numbers plant-1 at genotypic level (rg=0.494). The results from this study might be helpful for creating new wheat cultivars with highyielding potential.

Opseg i tip delovanja gena u novim populacijama su glavni kriterijumi za odabir roditelja koji će stvoriti najbolje potomstvo nakon hibridizacije. Informacije o genetičkoj kontroli kompleksnih osobina su korisne za dalje stvaranje efikasnih oplemenjivačkih programa. U cilju identifikacije prirode delovanja gena na prinos zrna po biljci i njegovu korelaciju sa komponentama prinosa upotrebljeno je nepotpuno dijalelno ukrštanje. Ogled je izveden u jugoistočnoj Evropi na oglednom polju Poljoprivredne savetodavne službe tokom sezone 2012-2013. Prema srednjim vrednostima F1 generacije, ukrštanje Apache × Prima je imalo najveći prinos zrna po biljci, a Jackson × Balkan najmanji. Najčešći način nasleđivanja za prinos zrna po biljci bila je puna dominacija. ANOVA je pokazala da je ova osobina kontrolisana i aditivnim i neaditivnim efektima. Apache se pokazao kao generalno najbolji kombinator za prinos zrna po biljci, a kod dva ukrštanja (Dragana × Jackson; Balaton × Nevesinjka) je ustanovljena značajnost posebnih kombinacionih sposobnosti. Komponente genetičke varijanse su pokazale da je dominacija važnija od aditivne komponente, a ukupan broj dominantnih gena je veći od broja recesivnih kod svih roditelja. Ustanovljena je umereno niska vrednost (h2=31,96%) heritabilnosti u užem smislu za prinos zrna po biljci. Maksimalan broj dominantnih gena je utvrđen kod roditelja Sana, dok je Jackson imao maksimalan broj recesivnih gena. Na genotipskom nivou, prinos zrna po biljci bio je u značajnoj korelaciji sa brojem produktivnih vlati (rg=0,494). Rezultati ovih istraživanja bi mogli biti od koristi za stvaranje novih varijeteta pšenice sa visokim potencijalom za prinos.