Perspektiva mini sladara u Srbiji

Abstract

Pivarski ječam je jedna od najvažnijih sirovina za proizvodnju slada i piva. U Srbiji postoji samo jedna kompanija koja proizvodi slad od relativno malog broja sorti ječma. U poslednjoj deceniji, broj malih zanatskih pivara je u konstantnom porastu, međutim obuhvata svega oko 2% tržišta, odnosno 10 puta manje od evropskog proseka. Pored velikih i srednjih pivara, u Srbiji je do danas registrovano preko 70 malih zanatskih i veliki broj kućnih pivara. Ove male pivare uvoze skoro sve sirovine neophodne za proizvodnju zanatskog piva, samim tim i slad iz zemalja EU. Osim toga, mali broj gajenih sorti na našim poljima dovodi do smanjenja genetičkog diverziteta. Pored evidentne genetičke erozije, ukupna proizvodnja ječma je ugrožena i trenutnom političkom situacijom u Evropi, koja vodi ka globalnom narušavanju u lancu snabdevanja. Takođe, pojava visokih temeperatura i suše kao rezultat klimatskih promena negativno utiču na proizvodnju ječma ostavljajući nesagledive posledice na razvoj, pre svega malih proizvođača i održivost poljoprivrede u celini.

Brewing barley is one of the most important raw materials for the production of malt and beer. In Serbia, there is only one company that produces malt from a relatively small number of barley cultivars. In the last decade, the number of small craft breweries in Serbia constantly increases, however, they encompassing only about 2% of the market share, which is 10 times less than the Europe. In addition to large and medium-sized breweries, over 70 small craft breweries and a large number of home breweries have been registered in Serbia to date. These small breweries import almost all raw materials necessary for craft beer production, including malt from EU countries. In addition, cultivation of the relatively small number of cultivars in our fields leads to a decrease in genetic diversity. Apart from the evident genetic erosion, the overall production of barley is threatened by the current political situation in Europe, which leads to a global disruption in the global supply chain. Also, the occurrence of high temperatures and drought as a result of climate change negatively affect the production of barley, provide unexpected consequences on small producers and the sustainability of agriculture in general.