Microorganisms as indicators of fertility and health soil of vegetables

Abstract

Microorganisms are an important element in the system soil - plant. They are indicators of fertility and/or degradation processes taking place in the soil. Dominance of beneficial groups of microorganisms controls the processes of synthesis and decomposition and determines soil quality for production of safe food. Reduced diversity of microorganisms in an indication of soil degradation and its low usefulness as habitat for fauna, microbes and plants. Microbiological analyses of soil under peas, string beans, tomato, pepper and cabbage in different locations (Bečej, Đala, Futog) have shown the number and biodiversity of microorganisms may be used to assess soil applicability for production of safe food. Biological activity of the soil was assessed on the basis of the following parameters: total number of microorganisms, numbers of diazotrophs (Azotobacter and free N-fixing bacteria), ammonifiers actinomycetes, fungi and the activity of dehydrogenase enzymes. Dehydrogenases (oxidoreductases) are fundamental in the enzymatic systems of all microorganisms. Dehydrogenase activity is an indicator of microbiological redox system in the soil and they may serve as a measure of microbial oxidative activity. The microbiological properties of the analysed soils (average results) showed their high biological value. The parameters of soil biological activity (Rumenka) displayed high values (particularly in the layer 0-50cm), which shows that the tested soils are fertile. Presence of coliform bacteria is an indicator of soil sanitary quality or a general indicator of sanitary conditions in the environment.

Na osnovu zastupljenosti pojedinih grupa mikroorganizama, enzimatske aktivnosti i biodiverziteta kao pokazatelja biogenosti, može se proceniti plodnost i kvalitet/zdravstveno stanje zemljišta. Dominantnost pojedinih grupa mikrorganizama usmerava procese sinteze, razgradnje i određuje kvalitet zemljišta za proizvodnju zdravstveno ispravne hrane. Termin zdravo zemljište je ekološka oznaka sa kojom se naglašava i kvalitet, a ne samo količina prinosa u proizvodnji ratarskih i povrtarskih biljaka. Na osnovu obavljenih ispitivanja ustanovljeno je da analizirani uzorci zemljišta pod povrćem na različitim lokalitetima imaju visoku biološku aktivnost, što ukazuje na njihovu veliku plodnost. Međutim, na lokalitetu Rumenka, iako je baštensko zemljište veoma plodno postoji i visoka kontaminacija koliformnim bakterijama, što ukazuje na veoma značajan sanitarni problem po humanu populaciju. Sve ovo ukazuje na značaj ispitivanja ne samo plodnosti zemljišta već i njegovog zdravstvenog stanja kao i sanitarne ispravnosti.