Karakterizacija masnokiselinskog sastava mešanih ulja suncokreta i lana sa aspekta faktora nutritivnog kvaliteta

Abstract

U ovom radu ispitana je mogućnost poboljšanja nutritivnog kvaliteta rafinisanog suncokretovog ulja (S) dodavanjem hladno presovanog lanenog ulja (L) sa aspekta masnokiselinskog sastava, kao i određenih nutritivnih indeksa. Sadržaj masnih kiselina određen je primenom gasne hromatografije - masene spektrometrije, analizom metil estara masnih kiselina. Sadržaji zasićenih masnih kiselina (ZMK), mononezasićenih masnih kiselina (MNMK), polinezasićenih masnih kiselina (PNMK), kao i sadržaj ω3 i ω6 masnih kiselina određen je računski. Dodavanjem lanenog ulja uočeno je značajno povećanje sadržaja ω3 masne kiseline u dobijenim mešanim uljima. Pri mešanju nisu uočene značajne promene u sadržaju ZMK, sadržaj MNMK se dodavanjem lanenog ulja smanjio sa 30,44 % m/m na 17,15 % m/m, dok se sadržaj PNMK povećao od 59,78 % m/m do 73,15 % m/m. Dobijeni odnosi PNMK/ZMK za mešana ulja bili su u rasponu 6,07-7,54, što je u skladu sa smanjenjem faktora rizika za povećanje nivoa holesterola u krvi. Aterogeni i trombogeni indeksi bili su mnogo niži od 1, dok su HH indeksi bili relativno visoki 14,70-18,03, što je takođe u skladu sa preporučenim vrednostima sa nutritivnog aspekta kvaliteta ulja. Kriterijum koji je najviše uticao na kvalitet mešanih ulja bio je ω6/ω3 odnos, a optimalne vrednosti ovog odnosa (1-5) postignute su dodavanjem od 30 do 60% hladno presovanog lanenog ulja. U odnosu na kontrolni uzorak O, dobijena mešana ulja pokazala su veliku prednost po pitanju sadržaja PNMK, ω3, ω6, dok je izuzetno visok sadržaj MNMK i nešto niži sadržaj ZMK određen u uzorku O.

In this paper, the possibility of improving the nutritional quality of refined sunflower oil (S) by adding cold pressed flaxseed oil (L) from the aspect of fatty acid content, as well as certain nutritional indices, was investigated. The content of fatty acids was determined using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry, by analysing fatty acid methyl esters. The contents of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), as well as the content of ω3 and ω6 fatty acids were calculated. By adding flaxseed oil, a significant increase in the content of ω3 fatty acid was observed in the obtained mixtures. No significant changes in the content of SFA were observed during mixing, the content of MUFA was reduced by the addition of flaxseed oil from 30.44 % m/m to 17.15 % m/m, while the content of PUFA increased from 59.78 % m/m to 73.15 % m/m. The obtained PUFA/SFA ratios for mixtures ranged from 6.07 to 7.54, which is consistent with a reduction in risk factors for increased blood cholesterol levels. Atherogenic and thrombogenic indices were much lower than 1, while HH indices were relatively high 14.70-18.03, which are also in accordance with the recommended values from the nutritional aspect of oil quality. The criterion that most affected the quality of mixed oils was the ω6/ω3 ratio, and the optimal values of this ratio (1-5) were achieved by adding 30 to 60% of cold pressed flaxseed oil. Compared to the control sample O, the obtained mixtures showed a great advantage in terms of PUFA content, ω3, ω6, while the extremely high MUFA content and slightly lower SFA content determined in sample O.