Iskorišćenje i kapacitet proizvodnje hladno presovanog ulja semena uljanih i konzumnih hibrida suncokreta

Abstract

U svetu, prema podacima Organizacije za hranu i poljoprivredu (Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO) i Departmana za poljoprivredu Sjedinjenih Američkih Država (United States Department of Agriculture, USDA) proizvodnja semena suncokreta raste. Takođe, u svetu rastu i potrebe za proizvodnjom ulja i visokokvalitetnih proteina, zbog čega su se izdiferencirali i hibridi suncokreta u cilju zadovoljenja pomenutih potreba na uljane i konzumne (neuljane, proteinske). Istraživanjem u ovom radu pokazano je da je proizvodnja ulja postupkom hladnog presovanja moguća i od konzumnih hibrida suncokreta, ne samo od uljanih, međutim razlike u iskorišćenju i kapacitetu tj. količini dobijenog ulja su značajne. Iskorišćenje ulja i semena bili su 2,12 i 2,17 puta veći kod uljanih u odnosu na konzumne hibride suncokreta, dok za 1 h kroz presu prođe 1,84 puta više semena i dobije se 3,89 puta više ulja, kod uljanih u odnosu na konzumne hibride suncokreta.

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), world sunflower seed production is increasing. The needs for the production of oil and high-quality proteins are growing in the world, which is the reason for sunflower hybrids divergence in oily and confectionary (non-oily, protein) hybrids, in order to meet the mentioned needs. Research in the paper has shown that the production of oil by cold pressing is possible from confectionary sunflower hybrids, not only from oily, but the differences in the oil yield and amount of obtained oil are significant. Oil and seed yield were 2.12 and 2.17 times higher for oily compared to confectionary sunflower hybrids, while 1.84 times more seed and 3.89 times more oil of oily hybrids passed through the press in 1 hour compared to confectionary sunflower hybrids.