Resistance of two-rowed barley to pre-harvest sprouting

Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess a number of barley varieties for their resistance to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) and to determine what the best method for their testing is. Tested in the trial were 60 varieties and lines of two-rowed winter barley originating from Yugoslavia, Germany, Holland, the Czech Republic, France, and other countries. Spike samples were collected at physiological maturity (Tj), at harvest ripeness (T2) and seven days after harvest ripeness (T3). The testing was done in a humid chamber and on wet sand. The following tests were done: degree of sprouting, degree of sprouting seven and 14 days after the spikes were placed in the humid chambers, sprouting index, emergence index, emergence value, and emergence percentage. Significant dif­ferences in PHS resistance were found both between the varieties and between the sampling dates. Satisfactory levels of PHS resistance were found in KG 15-4, Sonate, Marylin, Oregon, and Walfair. Resistance to PHS was negatively correlated with the duration of grain filling and positively correlated with yield per spike and grain size.

U radu je ocenjena otpornost ozimog ječma na prežetveno proklijavanje (PHS) i testirane metode ispitivanja PHS. Ispitano je 60 sorti i linija ozimog dvo-redog ječma poreklom iz Jugoslavije, Nemačke, Holandije, Češke, Francuske i drugih zemalja. Klasovi za testiranje su uzimani sedam dana pre žetve (T1), u vreme žetve (T2) i sedam dana posle žetve (T3). Testiranje je obavljeno u vlažnim komorama i vlažnom pesku. Tokom ispitivanja određeni su sledeći parametri: stepen proklijavanja, stepen proklijavanja sedam i četrnaest dana nakon stavljanja klasova u vlažne komore, indeks proklijavanja, indeks klijanja, vrednost klijanja i procenat klijanja. Značajne razlike u PHS su utvrđene između sorti i termina uzimanja uzoraka. Značajan nivo PHS otpornosti utvrđen je kod sorti KG 15-4, Sonate, Marylin, Oregon i Walfair. Otpornost na PHS je u negativnoj korelaciji sa dužinom trajanja nalivanja zrna, a u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa prinosom po klasu i veličinom zrna.