Dobijanje ulja semena suncokreta novih konzumnih hibrida postupkom „hladnog” presovanja - ispitivanje iskorišćenja i kapaciteta

Abstract

Proizvodnja ulja postupkom hladnog presovanja pomoću pužnih presa je jedan od najstarijih načina izdvajanja ulja pri čemu je uticaj načina izdvajanja na kvalitet dobijenog ulja minimalan. Za dobijanje ulja uglavnom se koriste hibridi suncokreta sa većim sadržajem ulja u semenu (preko 40%), poznati kao uljani hibridi, međutim na tržištu postaju sve zastupljeniji i konzumni hibridi suncokreta koji imaju manji sadržaj ulja (oko 30%), a veći sadržaj proteina. Ovi hibridi uglavnom se koriste za direktnu konzumaciju, kao i u proizvodnji pekarskih i konditorskih proizvoda, međutim sadržaj ulja u ovim hibridima je čak veći u poređenju sa drugim uljaricama (npr. soji koja sadrži oko 20% ulja u semenu). U ovom radu ispitana je mogućnost primene konzumnih hibrida suncokreta u svrhu dobijanja hladno presovanog ulja. Semena tri najnovija konzumna hibrida suncokreta, kao i seme jednog uljanog hibrida presovana su pri istim uslovima i ispitano je iskorišćenje i kapacitet presovanja. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata zaključeno je da potencijal za proizvodnju hladno presovanih ulja od semena konzumnih hibrida postoji, međutim potrebno je izvršiti optimizaciju procesa.

Oil production by cold pressing on a screw press is one of the oldest methods of oil separation, where the impact of the production method on the oil quality is minimal. Sunflower hybrids with a higher seed oil content (over 40%), known as oily hybrids, are mainly used for oil production, however, sunflower hybrids with a lower oil content (about 30%) and higher protein content are becoming more common on the market. These (confectionary) hybrids are mainly used for direct consumption and the confectionery industry, however the oil content in these hybrids is even higher compared to other oilseeds (e.g. soybeans containing about 20% seed oil). In this paper, the possibility of using confectionary sunflower hybrids for cold-pressed oil production was investigated. The seeds of the three newest confectionary sunflower hybrids, as well as one oily hybrid were pressed under the same conditions and the yields and pressing capacity were tested. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the potential for the cold-pressed oil production from the confectionary hybrid seeds exists, however, it is necessary to optimize the process.