Variations of ecological factors in plant production - frames of living activities of cultivated plants

Abstract

Ecological factors represent all the effects of the surrounding environment on the organism, they are the basic determinant of ecology and depending on the nature of their activity and extent of variation, the life of all biological species, populations, individuals and communities in ecosystems depends. Each organism can survive in a limited range of environmental conditions. The extent of variation of an ecological factor - ecological valence, represents the limits within which life of biological species is possible. In crop production, in the open field, variations in ecological factors are particularly pronounced. Also, these factors can affect plants indirectly or directly; they do not act individually, but in a group or a complex of factors. Although almost all factors are equally important for the life of cultivated plants, in open field ecological conditions, light, temperature and water prevail. Sunlight is one of the most important ecological factors, which determines the variability of the external appearance of a plant and its individual organs. Under insufficient light, the cultivated plants undergo major morphological changes. Temperature is also one of the most significant ecological factors, enabling basic processes in plants. The life activity of the cultivated plants ranges within certain thermal limits.