Mogućnosti primene kima, anisa i korijandra u organskoj proizvodnji

Abstract

Biljke iz fam Apiaceae sadrže etarska ulja, a njihovi cvetovi su bogati i polenom i nektarom, što ih čini odličnom pašom za pčele, ali su privlačni i za veliki broj drugih korisnih insekata kao što su predatori i parazitoidi štetočina. Zbog toga se ove biljke gaje oko useva kao zaštitni pojas ili čak združeno sa drugim kulturama. Posledica toga je smanjenje brojnosti mnogih štetnih insekatskih vrsta kao što su: Bemisia tabaci, Tuta absoluta i druge. Etarska ulja ovih biljaka deluju insekticidno na skladišne štetočine i na larve komaraca, ali i akaricidno na grinje kućne prašine. Utvrđeno je i nematocidno dejstvo, kao i alelopatsko, što se počelo koristiti i u komercijalne svrhe u organskoj biljnoj proizvodnji. Na primer, u Holandiji je iz kima registrovan preparat na bazi karvona, pod nazivom Tent, koji inhibira klijanje krompira. Etarska ulja iz navedenih biljaka inhibiraju rast gljiva: Alternaria alternata, Penicilium italicum, P digitatum i Botrutis cinerea, što može da se iskoristi za proizvodnju ekološki bezbednih proizvoda u tehnologiji prerade voća i povrća. Takođe, ova ulja imaju i baktericidno dejstvo na Escherichia coli i Bacillus megaterium, što ih čini potencijalnim baktericidima za tretiranje semena u organskoj proizvodnji. Utvrđeno je i virucidno dejstvo.

In addition to the fact that plants from family Apiaceae contain essential oils, their flowers are rich in nectar and pollen, which makes them excellent pasture for bees, but they are attractive for a large number of other useful insects such as predators and parasitoids of pests. Therefore, these plants grow around of crops as well as protective girdle, or even combined with other crops. The result is a reduction of many insect pests such as Bemisia tabaci, Tuta absoluta and other. In addition, essential oils of these plants operate insecticide to storage pests and the larvae of mosquitoes and acaricide to house dust mites. In addition to insecticide, was determined and nematocide effect, as well as alleopathic, which was first used for commercial purposes in organic practices. For example, in the Netherlands is registered product based on carvone from caraway called Tent that inhibits sprouting of potatoes. Essential oils from these plants inhibit the growth of fungus: Alternaria alternata, Penicilium italicum, P digitatum and Botrutis cinerea which can be used for the production of environmentally friendly biocides in postharvest technology of fruit and vegetables. Also, these oils have bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium, which makes them potential bactericides for seed treatment in organic production. The virucidal effect of essential oils from Apiaceae plants was found, also.