Uticaj roka setve šećerne repe na procenat truleži u 2018. godini

Abstract

Trulež korena poslednjih nekoliko godina nanosi najveće štete u proizvodnji šećerne repe. Na području severne Srbije u 2018. godini zabeleženi su ogromni gubici zbog velikog procenta trule repe koji se kretao i do 50%. Na oglednoj parceli Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo ispitivan je procenat truleži u zavisnosti od roka setve i gajenih hibrida šećerne repe. Rezultati analize varijanse dvofaktorijalnog ogleda su pokazali da su uticaj hibrida, roka setve i interakcije između hibrida i roka setve imali značajan efekat na pojavu truleži korena šećerne repe. Testom najmanje značajne razlike utvrđene su razlike u pogledu truleži između pojedinačnih hibrida i rokova setve. Najmanje trule repe je zabeleženo kod hibrida Nansen i Tajfun, dok je najveći prosek trulog korena utvrđen kod hibrida Vandana. Među ispitivanim rokovima setve najveći procenat trule repe zabeležen je u drugom roku. Ostaje pitanje koji su primarni uzročnici pojave truleži, jer dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je bolest truleži korena posledica, dok nam pravi uzrok slabosti biljaka šećerne repe i prilagođavanja uslovima sredine i dalje ostaje nepoznat.

During the last few years sugar beet root rot has caused the greatest losses in sugar beet cultivation. A northern part of Serbia, main region of sugar beet production was especially hit by large percentage of infected roots in growing season of 2018. Field plots of IFVCNS were used for determining root rot percentage in sugar beet plants at different hybrids and planting dates. ANOVA results showed that hybrids, planting dates and their interaction had significant effect on the root rot. The least significant differences from the aspect of root rot infection were found between individual hybrids and planting dates. The lowest level of root rot had hybrids Nansen and Tajfun while the highest score of rot was recorded at hybrid Vandana. Second planting date had the highest level root rot. However questions which are the primary reasons for this disease is still open, since the results suggest that fungal infection is only the consequence of the disease, while the real reasons of weak plant response and their adaptation to environmental factors remains unknown.