Uticaj agroekoloških faktora na sadržaj mineralnih materija u kukuruzu

Abstract

Mineralne materije su neophodne biljkama za rast i razvoj, kao i za normalno funkcionisanje ljudskog i organizma životinja. Mineralne materije u lance ishrane ulaze preko biljaka, pa je poznavanje i proučavanje mineralnog sastava biljaka izuzetno značajno. Ispitivanje sadržaja mineralnih materija u zrnu kukuruza, u zavisnosti od rastuće količine azota đubriva, obavljeno je u dvogodišnjem periodu, na lokalitetu Zemun Polje, u klimatskim uslovima Istočnog Srema. Na ogledima je primenjena standardna agrotehnika. Hemijski sastav ploda kukuruza, tokom dve godine istraživanja, određivan je u fazi fiziološke zrelosti zrna kukuruza. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je, u proseku za ispitivane faktore, sadržaj mineralnih materija u zrnu kukuruza iznosio 1,87%. U prvoj godini istraživanja, utvrđen je veći sadržaj pepela u zrnu za 0,23% u poređenju s drugom godinom. Primenjene količine azota značajno i veoma značajno su uticale na sadržaj mineralnih materija u zrnu kukuruza.

Mineral matters are necessary for the growth and development of plants as well as for normal functioning of human and animal organisms. Mineral matters enter the food chains through the plants making the knowledge and study of the mineral content of plants very remarkable. The study of the content of mineral matters in maize grain, depending on the growing quantities of nitrogen fertilizer, has been conducted during a two-year period on the locality of Zemun Polje, in climate conditions of the Eastern Srem. In these experiments, a standard agrotechnique is applied. The chemical contents of the maize yield during the two-year period of the experiment is determined in a phase of the phyisiological ripeness of maize grain. Our research results show that, in the average for the examined factors, the content of mineral matters in maize grain was 1.87%. It is determined that the content of ash in grain was for 0.23% higher in the first year of the experiment than in the second one. The applied quantities of nitrogen had a significant and a very significant impact on the content of mineral matters in maize grain.