dc.description.abstract | The soil fertility is determined by its
composition and properties. Soil properties have a
strong impact on a range of processes influencing
crop yield, including microbial diversity. The
distribution of microorganisms in soil is influenced
by numerous abiotic and biotic factors, primarily
by soil type, plant species, soil usage and tillage,
use of organic and mineral fertilizers, irrigation,
pesticide application, etc. Therephore, the objective
of this study was to examine the distribution of
microorganisms in different types of agricultural
soils in the Vojvodina Province. The distribution of
soil microbes was assessed on the basis of indirect
dilution method on appropriate nutritive media.
The total number of microorganisms was
determined on soil agar, the number of
azotobacters on nitrogen-free medium using
„fertile drops“ method, ammonifiers on
mesopepton agar – MPA, N-fixing bacteria on
Fiodor medium, actinomycetes on synthetic
medium and fungi on Czapek-Dox agar. Incubation
temperature was 28°C, while incubation time
depended on the tested group of microorganisms.
All investigated microbial groups were found in all
locations. Number of the microorganisms was
uneven by type of soil. Studies have shown that the
highest total number of bacteria was obtained on
humogley and chernozem, in the locations of Bečej,
Begejci and Kula. The highest distribution was
recorded on chernozem, at the locations where the
plough-field and harvest residues of maize were
found, as well as on fluvisol and humogley. The
highest number of ammonium-fixing bacteria was
recorded in Zrenjanin, on chernozem. N-fixing
bacteria were the most abundant on cambisol, in
the locations of Petrovaradin and Vršac, as well as
on chernozem, in the locations of Crna Bara,
Orlovat, Popinci and Kula. The results showed that
the highest number of actinomycetes was obtained
in Žednik, on chernozem. The highest number of
fungi was observed in Petrovaradin and Vršac, on
cambisol. On average, abundance of the most
studied microbial groups was the lowest in
arenosol, solonchak, solonetz and pseudogley,
while the highest distribution was obtained in
chernozem, humogley, cambisol and fluvisol. | sr |