The importance of legume genetic resources for breeding

Abstract

This paper presents the plant genetic resources maintained by the Center of Excellence for Legumes of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia. The genetic resources of legumes (soybean, alfalfa, red clover, pea and vetch) are an invaluable source material and a rich source of genetic divergence for the development of varieties adapted to specific agricultural and environmental conditions. Soybean is the most important of all cultivated legumes and occupies the largest area under cultivation. The alfalfa collection consists of over 800 genotypes with different agronomic traits and dormancy values. The novel alfalfa breeding concept - breeding for yield per se, based on natural heterosis in the development of half hybrids - was introduced in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The Center of Excellence for Legumes has 757 soybean genotypes, 655 red clover genotypes, about 730 pea genotypes and 495 vetch genotypes. The development of the winter pea variety for grain (NS Mraz), the first of its kind in South-Eastern Europe, was significant for science.

Cilj rada je bio da se prikažu biljni genetski resursi (BGR) kojima raspolaže Centar izuzetnih vrednosti za leguminoze Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Instituta od nacionalnog značaja za Republiku Srbiju. Genetski resursi leguminoza (soja, lucerka, crvena detelina, grašak i grahorice) predstavljaju dragocen polazni materijal i izvor raznovrsne genetske divergentnosti za stvaranje novih sorti prilagođenih određenim agroekološkim uslovima. Među leguminozama, soja zauzima najveće površine i spada u red najznačajnijih gajenih biljaka u svetu. Do sada postignuti i valorizovani rezultati istraživanja u zemlji i svetu potvrđuju lidersku poziciju u regionu i šire, a novosadsku genetiku soje čine prepoznatljivom. Kolekcija lucerke poseduje oko 800 genotipova različitih varijateta i nivoa dormantnosti. Kraj XX i početak XXI veka, karakteriše primena novog koncepta oplemenjivanja lucerke na prinos per se, koji treba da iskoristi prirodni heterozis u cilju stvaranja semihibrida. Centar izuzetnih vrednosti za leguminoze raspolaže sa 655 genotipova crvene deteline, oko 730 genotipova graška i 495 genotipova grahorica. Značajan doprinos nauci je stvaranje prve sorte ozimog graška za zrno u Jugoistočnoj Evropi (NS Mraz).