Effect of cadmium on callus growth in wheat zygotic embryo culture

Abstract

Toxicity effects of cadmium on callus growth and callus tissue dry matter content were investigated. Two winter wheat varieties, Evropa-90 and NSR-5 were used as a material in embryo culture. Isolated embryos were cultivated on a modified MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium to which Cd was added in three different concentrations (10-6, 10-5 and 10-4 M/l Cd). At the highest Cd concentration (10-4 m/l), CV. evropa-90 had 90.3% and CV. nsr-5 52.5% of survived calluses. Fresh callus weight was reduced at the concentration of 10-4 M/l Cd by 51% in cv. Evropa-90 and by 57% in cv. NSR-5 in relation to the control. Cadmium decreased the callus dry matter content in cv. NSR-5 only at the highest concentration (10-4 M/l), while in cv. Evropa-90 Cd had no signifficant effect on callus dry matter content.

Ispitivano je toksično dejstvo kadmijuma na porast i sadržaj suve materije u kalusima pšenice. Dve sorte ozime pšenice, Evropa-90 i NSR-5, korišćene su kao materijal u kulturi embriona. Izolovani embrioni su kultivisani na modifikovanu MS podlogu (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) kojoj je Cd dodat u tri različite koncentracije (10-6, 10-5 i 10-4 M/l Cd). Pri najvišoj koncentraciji Cd (10-4 M/l), sorta Evropa-90 je imala 90.3%, a sorta NSR-5 52.5% preživelih kalusa. Pri koncentraciji od 10-4 M/l CdCl2 sveža masa kalusa je bila umanjena za 51% kod sorte Evropa-90, a kod sorte NSR-5 za 57%. Kadmijum je izazvao sniženje sadržaja suve materije u kalusima sorte NSR-5 samo pri najvišoj koncentraciji (10-4 M/l), dok kod sorte Evropa-90 Cd nije imao značajnog uticaja na sadržaj suve materije u kalusima.