Effect of different type of irrigation on yield of onion and irrigation water use efficiency

Abstract

The trial with irrigated onion, growing from sets, was conducted on private farm in Bački Jarak (45°22'38.6"N 19°52'03.4"E) near Novi Sad, on the calcareous chernozem soil of the loess terrace in 2014. The trial was established in a system of random blocks in three replicates and adapted to technical specifications of irrigation method. The trial included the non-irrigated, control variant. Onion variety Holandski žuti was analyzed. A single plot size was 6 m2 (2 rows x 0.3 m x 10 m). Onion was irrigated by overhead microsprinklers (sprinkler intensity 43 mm h-1 , working pressure 200 kPa) and drip irrigation method (distance between laterals 0.3 m, distance between drippers 0.2 m, drippers flow 1.8 l h-1 , working pressure 100 kPa). The irrigation rate was 30 mm. Irrigation was scheduled on the basis of water balance method using reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficients (kc). To compare two different type of irrigation, irrigation water use efficiency (Iwue) values were calculated by dividing the yield of onion bulbs obtained in irrigation conditions and water applied by irrigation. The yield of onion bulbs obtained on the plot with drip irrigation (43.23 t ha-1 ) were statistically higher compared with sprinkler irrigation variant (39.50 t ha-1 ) and control variant without irrigation (38.29 t ha-1 ). Irrigation water use efficiency (Iwue) values obtained on variant with drip irrigation (6.2 kg m-3 ) were also statistically higher compared with sprinkler irrigation variant (4.4 kg m-3 ). Higher yield of onion irrigated by drip irrigation system in relation to microsprinklers indicate that the drip irrigation method has some advantages in onion production in agroecological conditions of the Vojvodina region.

Ogled sa navodnjavanjem crnog luka iz arpadžika izveden je 2014. godine na okućnici privatnog poseda u Bačkom Jarku, na zemljištu tipa karbonatni černozem po metodu blok sistema u tri ponavljanja i prilagodjen uslovima navodnjavanja. U istraživanjima je bila zastupljena sorta Holandski žuti na osnovnoj parcelici veličine 6 m2 (2 reda x 0,3 m x 10 m). Crni luk je navodnjavan kišenjem mikrorasprskivačima i lokalno kapanjem. U ogledu je bila zastupljena i kontrolna varijanta bez navodnjavanja. Zalivna norma je iznosila 30 mm. Vreme zalivanja je odredjivano metodom vodnog bilansa primenom koeficijenata kulture (kc) i referentne evapotranspiracije (ETo). Vrednosti koeficijenata efikasnosti iskorišćenosti vode dodate navodnjavanjem (Iwue) obračunate kao količnik prinosa lukovica dobijenim u uslovima navodnjavanja i količine vode dodate navodnjavanjem poslužile su da se uporede kišenje i kapanje kao načini navodnjavanja. Prinos lukovica na varijanti navodnjavanja kapanjem (43.23 t ha-1 ) bio je statistički signifikantno veći i u odnosu na varajantu navodnjavanja kišenjem (39.50 t ha-1 ) i kontrolnu varijantu bez navodnjavanja (38.29 t ha-1 ). Vrednosti koeficijenata iskorišćenosti vode dodate navodnjavanjem (Iwue) bile su statistički signifikantno veće na varijanti navodnjavanja kapanjem (6.2 kg m-3 ) u poredjenju sa varijantom navodnjavanja kišenjem (4.4 kg m-3 ). Veći prinosi lukovica i veće vrednosti koeficijenata Iwue ukazuju na prednost kapanja kao načina navodnjavanja u odnosu na kišenje mikrorasprskivačima u agroekološkim uslovima Vojvodine.