Micro-morphological features of achene of wild annual sunflowers

Abstract

The aim of this research is to characterize wild annual sunflowers on the basis of achene micro-morphology. Plant material was grown up on an experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad during 2015. Achene samples were hand-collected at the time of physiological maturity. Morphological measurements of achenes were performed using stereoscopic microscope Leica MZ16 with Leica DFC 320 Camera. The micro-morphological diversity of achenes was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Obtained results indicated the presence of some quantitative and qualitative differences in achene characteristics among analyzed species, such as in their size, color, carpopodium and stylopodium shape, and distribution of trichomes on the achene surface. The carpopodium of examined species was asymmetrical at the maturity. Differences in the cuticle and wax ornamentation in different parts of the achenes, on the anticlinal walls of epidermal cells, were identified. The SEM analysis revealed the presence of non-glandular, multicellular bi-seriate trichomes (twin hairs) on the achene surface. This trichome type consisted of two elongated, parallel cells of different length. Considering the distribution of trichomes among the apical, median and basal regions of the fruit, most of the species demonstrated greater trichome density in the apical part.

Cilj istraživanja u ovom radu je karakterizacija jednogodišnjih vrsta suncokreta na osnovu mikromorfoloških parametara ahenije. Biljni materijal uzgajan je na eksperimentalnom polju Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu. Uzorci ahenija sakupljani su ručno tokom 2015. godine, u vreme fiziološke zrelosti. Morfološka merenja izvršena su primenom stereoskopskog mikroskopa Leica MZ16 sa Leica DFC 320 kamerom. Mikromorfološke karakteristike analizirane su pomoću skening elektronskog mikroskopa (SEM). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na prisustvo kvalitativnih i kvantitaivnih razlika između analiziranih vrsta, u parametrima kao što su veličina i boja ahenije, karakteristike karpopodijuma i stilopodijuma, kao i distribucija trihoma. Pronađena je razlika u ornamentici kutikule i voska antiklinih zidova epidermalnih ćelija na različitim delovima ahenije. SEM analiza ukazala je na prisustvo nežlezdanih, višećelijskih, biserijatnih trihoma (twin hairs). Navedeni tip trihoma sastoji se od dve izdužene, paralelne ćelije različite dužine. Imajući u vidu različitu raspodelu trihoma na apikalnom, medijalnom i bazalnom delu, većina vrsta se karakteriše najvećom gustinom trihoma u apikalnom delu ahenije.