Effect of fungicides on yield components of peas

Abstract

In the past few years, peas has been grown on larger areas in Serbia (11,533 ha) as the main raw material for the processing industry. In our agro-ecological conditions, downy mildew on peas (Peronospora viciae) has become an increasingly frequent pathogen, affecting the production of this plant species. In years that favour the development of this parasite, it causes significant damage characterized by a yield reduction of up to 50%. Thus far, no products for the control of downy mildew infection on peas have been registered in Serbia. Hence, the following fungicides were studied: fosetyl-aluminium, metalaxyl-M + mancozeb and chlorothalonil + metalaxyl-M, and the experiment included three peas varieties: Tamis, Dunav and Mali Provansalac. The effect of fungicides on yield components was measured through the number of pods, number of grains, grain weight/plant (g) and kg/ha weight. The results indicate that variety has a very high impact on the number of pods/plant, as well as that variety and the interaction of variety and fungicide significantly affect the number of seeds/pod, while variety and the interaction of cultivar and applied fungicides have a highly significant impact on grain weight/plant.

Poslednjih nekoliko godina grašak se kod nas gaji na većim površinama (11 533 ha) i predstavlja osnovnu sirovinu za prerađivačku industriju. Međutim, u proizvodnji ove značajne povrtarske biljke u našim agroekološkim uslovima plamenjača graška (Peronospora viciae) se sve češće javlja. U povoljnim godinama za razvoj patogena, pričinjava ozbiljne štete, smanjenjem prinosa do 50%. Za suzbijanje prouzrokovača plamenjače na grašku u našoj zemlji nema registrovanih preparata. Otuda su u ispitivanja uključena tri preparata na bazi aktivnih materija: fosetil-aluminijum, metalaksil-M + mankozeb, hlorotalonil + metalaksil-M, i tri sorte graška (Tamiš, Dunav i Mali provansalac). Uticaj fungicida na komponente prinosa meren je preko broja mahuna, broja zrna i mase zrna/biljka (g) i masa kg/ha. Rezultati ukazuju da, na broj mahuna/biljka visoko značajno utiče sorta, na broj zrna/biljka značajno utiču i sorta i interakcija sorta i fungicidi, na masu zrna/biljka visoko značajni uticaj su imale i sorta i interakcija sorta i primenjeni fungicidi.