Occurrence of ramularia leaf spot (Ramularia collo-cygni) in republic of Serbia

Abstract

Ramularia leaf spot of barley, caused by Ramularia collo-cygni, was first recorded in Italy in 1989 as Ophiocladium hordei, but until 1980 it was not recognized as an economically important disease. The name of the species collo-cygni was introduced by Sutton and Waller in 1988, and it was derived from the special swan-like neck shape of conidiophores. Its importance has increased because it can cause changes in grain quality, contributing to the yield losses of up to 25%. Ramularia collo-cygni is a seed borne pathogen, but it can be also transmitted by airborne conidia. Climatic conditions during the production year of 2015/16 were conducive to the development of this pathogen, and it has been registered in higher intensity in Serbia. Bearing in mind that the testing of seed for Ramularia collo-cygni is not required as a statutory seed test, and that environmental conditions were optimal for conidia spreading, it is not surprising that Ramularia collo-cygni was found on several localities in Serbia (Vojvodina, Mačva, South Serbia).

Tokom 2016. godine u više lokaliteta na teritoriji Srbije, došlo je do jače pojave ramulariozne pegavosti ječma na sortama ozimog ječma bez obzira da li se radi o pivskom ili stočnom, dvoredom ili višeredom ječmu. Ramulariozna pegavosti ječma je prvi put opisana u Italiji 1989. godine kao Ophiocladium hordei i sve do 80-ih godina XX veka nije bila prepoznata kao ekononomski značajno oboljenje. Naziv koji je danas u upotrebi Ramularia collo-cygni dali su Sutton i Waller 1988. godine na osnovu izgleda konidiofora koja podseća na vrat labuda. Ekonomski značaj ramulariozne pegavosti ječma ogleda se u smanjenju prinosa do 25% kao i kvaliteta zrna usled promenjenog odnosa skroba i proteina. Prvenstveno se prenosi semenom, mada širenje infekcije se obezbeđuje i sporama koje se raznose vazdušnim strujama. Klimatski uslovi tokom proizvodne 2015/16. godine pogodovali su razvoju ovog patogena, pa je registrovan u jačem intenzitetu u Srbiji. S obzirom da zdravstveni pregled semena u prometu ne uključuje utvrđivanje prisustva Ramularia collo-cygni, kao i da su klimatski uslovi tokom proizvodne 2015/16. godine pogodovali razvoju ovog patogena, prisustvo Ramularia collo-cygni je registrovano u Srbiji na više lokaliteta u Vojvodini, Mačvi i jugu Srbije.