Valorization of rapeseed grain by-products

Abstract

After technological processing of rapeseed significant amounts of useful and useless waste products stand out. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical composition, content of glucosinolates, microbiological safety, and presence of mycotoxins and heavy element contents of useful rapeseed by-products which are intended for animal nutrition. Feed components as well as complete mixtures for animal feed must be safe and in accordance with the requirements of the current national regulation. The investigated useful by-products contained significant amounts of proteins (21.80%) and fat (33.78%). As a part of the research, extrusion of the mixture containing rapeseed by-products and maize in the ratio of 50:50% was performed. The process of extrusion was carried out at 130 °C. Based on the obtained results it was noticed that the investigated extruded mixture is a convenient protein-energy supplement suitable for animal feed production with significantly reduced glucosinolate content (from 10.30 to 7.82 µmol/g). It was also observed that the extrusion of feed mixture led to the reduction of the number of microorganisms which ensures safe feedstuff for animal feed production.

U tehnološkom postupku prerade semenske uljane repice izdvaja se značajna količina otpadnih produkata. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispita hemijski sastav, sadržaj glukozinolata, mikrobiološka ispravnost, prisustvo mikotoksina i teških metala u nusproizvodima koji se dobijaju pri doradi semenske uljane repice, namenjenih proizvodnji hrane za životinje. Potpune smeše za ishranu životinja kao i hraniva moraju biti higijenski ispravne i udovoljiti zahtevima važećeg Pravilnika o kvalitetu hrane za životinje. Na osnovu ispitivanja pomenutih parametara, ustanovljeno je da ispitivani sporedni proizvodi sadrže značajnu količinu proteina (21,80%) i masti (33,78%). U okviru istraživanja izvršeno je ekstrudiranje sporednog proizvoda iz dorade semenske uljane repice sa kukuruzom u odnosu 50:50%. Ekstrudiranje smeše primesa iz dorade semenske uljane repice i kukuruza je sprovedeno na temperaturi od 130 °C. Dobijeno je hranivo zadovoljavajućeg nutritivno-hemijskog profila, uz značajnu redukciju sadržaja glukozinolata za 24,08% (sa 10,30 na 7,82 µmol/g). Na osnovu izvedenih ispitivanja, ustanovljeno je da procesom ekstrudiranja hraniva dolazi do smanjenja broja mikroorganizama čime se obezbeđuje higijenska ispravnost ekstrudata.