Polymorphism of microsatellite loci in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): And related species

Abstract

This study analysed polymorphism of 15 microsatellite loci in the col­lection comprising of 40 genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), 32 genotypes belonging to other species within Triticum genus and 3 genotypes from Aegilops genus. The results showed significant differences in the variability of the tested loci in bread wheat and related species. In the collection of bread wheat genotypes, 119 alleles were detected with the average number of 7.9 alleles per locus. In wild and cultivated related species 157 alleles were identified, with the average of 10.5 alleles per locus. All analysed parameters of microsatellite loci variability (PIC value, gene diversity, heterozygosity, etc.) indicated higher level of polymorphism in wild relatives than in the cultivated bread wheat. Analyses of individ­ual genomes indicated that in the bread wheat genetic diversity of the B and D genomes was significantly reduced in relation to the A genome, while the differences in polymorphism between genomes in the wild relatives were significantly lower. The results showed that wild related species can be used as sources for new variability in wheat breeding.

U radu je ispitana polimorfnost 15 mikrosatelitskih lokusa u kolekciji koju čine 40 genotipova gajene pšenice (Triticum aestivum L.), 32 genotipa koji pripadaju drugim vrstama roda Triticum i tri genotipa iz roda Aegilops. Rezultati su pokazali da postoji značajna razlika u varijabilnosti ispitivanih lokusa kod gajene pšenice i njenih srodnika. U kolekciji genotipova gajene pšenice detektovano je ukupno 119 alela, sa prosekom od 7,9 alela po lokusu. Kod divljih i gajenih srodnika identifikovano je ukupno 157 alela, sa prosekom od 10,5 alela po lokusu. Svi izračunati pokazatelji varijabilnosti mikrosatelitskih lokusa (PIC vrednost, divergentnost gena, heterozigotnost, itd.) ukazuju na veću polimorfnost divljih srodnika u odnosu na gajenu pšenicu. Analiza pojedinačnih genoma takođe je pokazala da je kod gajene pšenice divergentnost B i D genoma značajno umanjena u odnosu na A genom, dok su kod divljih srodnika razlike u polimorfnosti pojedinačnih genoma značajno manje. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na to da se divlji srodnici mogu koristiti kao izvori nove varijabilnosti u oplemenjivanju pšenice.