Seed yield and protein content in sunflower depending on stand density

Abstract

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of stand density on seed yield and protein content in sunflower hybrids. The field experiment was carried out at Rimski Šančevi location. Six NS sunflower hybrids were examined. Five hybrids are confectionery (NS Goliat, NS Slatki, NS Gricko, Vranac and Cepko), and one is used for bird food (NS-H-6485). The trial was arranged as randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Sowing was done with six different densities (from 20,000 to 70,000 plants per hectare, with an increment of 10,000 plants per hectare). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the effect of hybrid, stand density and hybrid × stand density interac­tion were highly significant for seed yield and protein content. The highest seed yield, on the basis of average for all densities, was found in NS-H-6485 (4.77 t ha-1) and in NS Gricko (4.43 t ha-1). Average seed yield of hybrids significantly increased up to 50,000 plants per ha-1, when it reached the value of 4.50 t ha-1, and then decreased. Significantly higher protein content, taking into account all stand densities, showed hybrid Cepko (16.94%). Protein content, above the overall average value, was achieved in hybrid Vranac (16.11%). The high­est protein content in the average for all six hybrids was at the lowest stand density (20,000 plants per ha-1), and then decreased up to higher densities. The results showed that stand density had significant effect on seed yield and protein content in sunflower hybrids.

Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispita efekat gustine setve na prinos semena i sadržaj proteina kod hibrida suncokreta. Poljski ogled izve­den je na lokalitetu Rimski šančevi. Ispitivano je šest hibrida suncokreta. Pet hibrida su konzumnog tipa (NS Goliat, NS Slatki, NS Gricko, Vranac i Cepko), a jedan je za ishranu ptica (NS-H-6485). Ogled je postavljen po potpuno slučajnom blok sistemu (RCBD), u četiri ponavljanja. Setva je izvedena sa šest gustina (od 20.000 do 70.000 biljaka po hektaru, sa korakom od 10.000 biljaka po hektaru). Analiza varijanse (ANOVA) je pokazala da su efekti hibrida, gustine setve i interakcije hibrid × gustina setve bili visoko značajni za prinos semena i sadržaj proteina. Najveći prinos semena, na osnovu proseka svih gustina setve, pokazali su hibridi NS-H-6485 (4,77 t ha-1) i NS Gricko (4,43 t ha-1). Prosečan prinos hibrida značajno se povećavao do 50.000 biljaka po hektaru, kada je postignut prinos od of 4,50 t ha-1, a zatim je opadao. Uzimajući u obzir sve gustine setve, značajno najveći sadržaj proteina postigao je hibrid Cepko (16,94%). Sadržaj proteina iznad opšteg proseka imao je i hibrid Vranac (16,11%). Najveći sadržaj proteina u proseku za svih šest hibrida bio je kod najmanje gustine setve (20.000 biljaka po hektaru), a zatim se smanjivao do većih gustina. Rezultati su pokazali da gustina setva ima značajan uticaj na prinos semena i sadržaj proteina kod hibrida suncokreta.