Technology of potato production and potato assortment

Abstract

Potato is one of the most important varieties in the world, as well as in Serbia. It has exceptional agrotechnical, biological, ecological and economic significance. In the period 1970-2014, the average potato production of Serbia amounted to 830,543 t. In the same period, the average potato production of Vojvodina amounted to 274,809 t, with the tendency of land area decrease and the increase of yield per a unit of area. The last decade of the 20th century saw significant changes in the technology of potato production in Serbia. Special attention is being attached to tillage before planting, after planting and before germination, as well as to tillage during the vegetation period, potato nutrition, irrigation and implementation of regular care measures, and the control of disease-causing agents, pests and weeds in potato crop. In the past few years, modern technology has been introduced in the potato cultivation on our fields. As a result, yields in Serbia have reached the level similar to that of the Netherlands and Belgium. During the last 10 years, many significant changes occurred in potato cultivation in Serbia. Some varieties are not being produced any more (e.g. Jaerla, Adora, Bartina), some are being cultivated on smaller areas (e.g. Kondor, Kennebec, and in the last two or three years Carrera too), but there is a rapid expansion of a lot of new varieties (e.g. Riviera, Kuroda, Rudolph, Bellarosa, Lusa). In the years to come much is expected from the following varieties: Volare, Esmme and Colomba. Some of them have exceptional fertility, achieving the yields of 50-70 t/ha, depending on the level of agrotechnical measures applied.

Krompir je jedna od najznačajnijih gajenih biljnih vrsta u svetu i kod nas. Ima izuzetan agrotehnički, biološki, ekološki i ekonomski značaj. U Srbiji se, u periodu 1970-2014. godine, u proseku godišnje proizvede 830.543 t. U istom periodu, u AP Vojvodini, se prosečno godišnje proizvodilo 274.809 t krompira sa tendencijom opadanja površina i rasta prinosa po jedinici površine. U poslednjoj deceniji prošlog veka nastaju značajne promene u tehnologiji proizvodnje krompira kod nas. Posebna pažnja se poklanja obradi zemljišta pred sadnju, posle sadnje a pre nicanja krompira, zatim u toku vegetacije, ishrani, navodnjavanju i sprovođenju redovnih mera nege i zaštite od prouzrokovača bolesti, štetočina i korova. Na našim njivama se poslednjih godina primenjuje savremena tehnologija gajenja pa se mogu očekivati prinosi koji su karakteristični za proizvođače u Holandiji i Belgiji. U poslednjih 10-ak godina došlo je do značajnih promena i u gajenom sortimentu krompira u Srbiji. Neke sorte su potpuno nestale iz proizvodnje (Jaerla, Adora, Bartina), nekoliko se gaji na sve manjim površinama (Kondor, Kennebec, a u poslednje 2-3 godine i Carrera), ali sve više je novih sorti sa brzom ekspanzijom u mnogim krajevima (Riviera, Kuroda, Rudolph, Bellarosa, Lusa). Od sorti Volare, Esmme i Colomba se puno očekuje u narednim godinama. Neke od navedenih sorti su sa izuzetnim potencijalom rodnosti, pa su kod većeg broja proizvođača dostigle prinose 50-70 t/ha, što zavisi i od nivoa agrotehnike.