Novi Sad barley varieties for the agroecological conditions of Southeastern Europe

Abstract

Barley is an essential crop in the industries of alcoholic beverages, non-alcoholic beverages and animal feed. Although the geographic position makes our country less suitable for barley growing, the varieties developed at Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops have high yielding potentials, stable yields and good technological quality. Novi Sad varieties have been approved for growing in other countries of southeastern Europe, which confirms their wide adaptability and high grain quality. Most of these varieties are early or medium early, with the stem height of 80-90 cm and excellent resistance to lodging. The winter types tolerate harsh winter conditions without extensive winterkill and they successfully complete the stage of grain filling in dry springs. The broad range of spring types includes early and medium early genotypes adapted to an array of ecological conditions, so that a suitable variety may be found for any production region. The yielding potential of the six-row barleys is about 8.5 t/ha, of the winter two-row barleys 8-9 t/ha and of the spring two-row barleys 5-6 t/ha. Some varieties are sensitive to pre-harvest sprouting; these should be harvested first, to avoid eventual problems in the case of rain. The content of fine extract in Novi Sad varieties is 78-80%, being somewhat higher in the winter than in the spring genotypes. The spring varieties are more readily malted than the winter ones, i.e., they have a smaller difference between the fine and coarse extract, as well as higher values of the Kolbach index and Hartong number.

Ječam predstavlja važnu biljnu vrstu koja je nezamenljiva u industriji alkoholnih i bezalkoholnih pića i industriji stočne hrane. Iako područje naše zemlje spada u regione manje povoljne za proizvodnju ječma, u novosadskom institutu su stvorene sorte ječma visokog proizvodnog potencijala, stabilnog prinosa i dobrog tehnološkog kvaliteta. Novosadske sorte su priznate i u drugim zemljama jugoistočne Evrope, što potvrđuje njihovu dobru adaptabilnost i kvalitet zrna. Većina novosadskih sorti su ranozrele ili srednje rane, visine stabljike 80-90cm i odlične otpornosti na poleganje. Ozime sorte podnose zimske temperature bez izmrzavanja i uspešno završavaju period nalivanja zrna i u uslovima prolećnog deficita vlage. Jari sortiment sadrži rane i srednje rane genotipove te se za svako područje mogu izabrati sorte čija dinamika razvoja najbolje odgovara ekološkim uslovima. Proizvodni potencijal ozimih šestoredih sorti je oko 8,5, ozimih dvoredih 8-9 i jarih dvoredih 5-6t/ha. Neke sorte su osetljivije na pre-žetveno proklijavanje zbog čega ih treba prve kombajnirati da ne bi došlo do klijanja u klasu za vreme eventualnog kišnog perioda. Sadržaj finog ekstrakta kod novosadskih sorti iznosi 78-80% i nešto je veći kod ozimih nego jarih genotipova. Jare sorte imaju bolje razgrađen slad, tj. manju razliku ekstrakta fine i grube meljave i veće vrednosti Kolbachovog indeksa i Hartongovog broja.