Identification of genetic characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.) using genetic markers

Abstract

Different genetic markers are used for estimation of breeding material, its characteristics and potential for ultimate aim - heterosis of hybrids. They also point out to the qualitative seed traits at the level of linkage with genes responsible for desirable agronomic traits. This program encompasses testing methodologies for the new seed technology. Genetic analysis of breeding material during certain phases is comprised of isozymic gene expression and degrees of their variability, but it is continued (in order to be evaluated) until determination of presence or absence of some genes existing or introduced for certain traits. Using combination of different molecular methods such as PCR, RAPD and AFLP based on polymorphism of DNA fragments, the definite aim - identification of newly created products of improvement is achieved. Testing of traits of breeding material, its genetic variability and diversity is the first stage in analysis of the maize genome. It is also the condition for determination of presence of certain genes, used for obtaining the ultimate aim - attest of identity of the genotype.

Različiti genetski markeri se koriste za tumačenje selekcionog materijala njegovih osobina i osnove za krajnji cilj - heterozis hibrida. Oni su takođe pokazatelji kvaliteta semena na nivou vezanih gena za određena, tražena agronomska svojstva. Ovaj program uključuje nove metodologije za testiranje selekcionog i semenskog materijala. Genetske analize biljaka u fazama oplemenjivanja obuhvataju izoenzimsku ekspresiju gena i stepen njihove varijabilnosti, koja se nastavlja do determinacije prisustva ili odsustva gena, odgovornih za određena svojstva. Primenjuje se kombinacija različitih genetsko-molekularnih metoda, kao što su izoenzimi PCR, RAPD, AFLP, RFLP bazirani na polimorfizmu proteina i sekvenci DNK, čiji je krajnji cilj identifikacija novostvorenih genotipova i njihovo unapređenje. Utvrđivanje osobina selekcionog materijala, njegove genetske varijabilnosti i divergentnosti je prva faza u spoznaji genoma kukuruza. To je takođe uslov za determinaciju prisustva određenih gena, potrebnu za postizanje završne faze, potvrde o identitetu genotipa.