Genetic variability and diversity of corn breeding material originating from domestic and foreign populations determined on the basis of biochemical-genetical markers

Abstract

Isozymes can serve as genetic markers and their number should be large enough in order to make the coverage of genomes as complete as possible and in order to use these methods for gene marking for required agronomic traits. These markers are the products of 21 mapped genes, which is relatively reliable number for their application in mapping for certain agronomic traits. Genetic variability and diversity are significant for populations and for selfpolinated lines as basic material in breeding and creation of new corn hybrids. For that reason, several groups of corn populations of different origin were analyzed. Two groups of Yugoslav populations, Italian, Portuguese and French collections were assessed on the basis of detected alleles of 21 loci and standard genetic distances between genotypes. Yugoslav corn collections had shown high heterozygosity, on the basis of isozymes as gene markers. Genetic diversity of Italian populations was pronounced on the basis of some loci, and the Portuguese populations had more polymorphic and more heterozygous loci than French populations Inter-genetic variability between populations and their geographical location are very important in breeding crops for creation of heterosis.

Izoenzimi se koriste kao genetski markeri, a njihov broj treba da bude dovoljno velik da bi pokrivenost genoma bila što veća i kao takvi su markeri gena za tražena agronomska svojstva. Upotrebljeni markeri su proizvodi 21 mapiranog gena, što predstavlja relativno pouzdan broj za tumačenje genetske osnove određenih osobina genotipa. Genetska varijabilnost i divergentnost su značajne za populacije i samooplodne linije, kao osnovni materijal u selekciji i stvaranju novih hibrida kukuruza. Iz tog razloga analizirano je nekoliko grupa populacija kukuruza različitog porekla. Dve grupe jugoslovenskih populacija, italijanska, portugalska i francuska kolekcija bile su ocenjene na osnovu alelne varijabilnosti za 21 lokus i standardne genetske udaljenosti unutar svake populacije. Jugoslovenske kolekcije kukuruza su pokazale visoku heterogenost na bazi izoenzima kao gen. markera Genetska divergentnost italijanske kolekcije je naglašena na bazi nekih lokusa, a portugalska je imala više polimorfnih i heterozigotnih lokusa od francuske kolekcije, što znači veći potencijal genetske varijabilnosti Inter-genetska varijabilnost između populacija i njihove geografske lokacije veoma su značajan uslov u selekciji biljnih vrsta i njihov heterozis.