Improving of rapeseed cultural practices

Abstract

Rapeseed is the most important oil crop in maritime climate. Because of its winter and spring type it could grow in spread latitude range. Now, rapeseed is at third place among oilseed crops in the world. Breeding in the most development country, usage on much different way, modest environmental requirement and its agrotechincal and economical importance facilitate constant increasing area and yield of rapeseed. Good tillage and emergence and autumn plant development facilitate good winter hardness. These are precondition for high and stabile yield. Optimal planting date is beginning of September and doesn’t sow at to high plant density. Because of its early spring growth, necessary is higher amount of nitrogen at top dressing in early spring. Weeds could be harmful only in the fall and successfully could control with wide choice of herbicides. Relative to sunflower it has some pests, but adequate protection could solve this. Especially take care at harvest time, because its unevenly pod repining and shattering.

Kupusna uljana repica je najvažnija uljana biljka umerenog klimata. Zahvaljujući ozimoj i jaroj formi ima veliku rasprostranjenost. Mnogostrana primena, skromni zahtevi i njen agrotehnički i ekonomski značaj, kao i intenzivna selekcija u najrazvijenijim zemljama omogućavaju da površine i prinosi repice stalno rastu, pa je trenutno na 3 mestu u svetu od uljanih biljka. Kvalitetno zasnivanje, dobro nicanje i jesenji razvoj omogućavaju zadovoljavajuću otpornost na izmrzavanje i to je preduslov visokog i stabilnog prinosa. Optimalni rok setve je početak septembra i ne treba je sejati pregusto. S obzirom na njen rani prolećni porast neophodne su veće količine azota u prihrani. Korovi su problem jedino u jesenjem periodu i uspešno se mogu kontrolisati dobrim izborom herbicida. U odnosu na suncokret ima nekoliko ekonomski važnih štetočina, no adekvatna zaštita rešava taj problem. Posebnu pažnju treba obratiti u žetvi zbog neravnomernog sazrevanja i lakog osipanja.